Numerical Investigation on Two-dimensional Boundary Layer Flow with Transition

As a basic problem in many engineering applications, transition from laminar to turbulence still remains a difficult problem in computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. A numerical study of one transitional flow in two-dimensional is conducted by Reynolds averaged numerical simulation （RANS） in this paper. Turbulence model plays a significant role in the complex flows＇ simulation, and four advanced turbulence models are evaluated. Numerical solution of frictional resistance coefficient is compared with the measured one in the transitional zone, which indicates that Wilcox （2006） k-ω model with correction is the best candidate. Comparisons of numerical and analytical solutions for dimensionless velocity show that averaged streamwise dimensionless velocity profiles correct the shape rapidly in transitional region. Furthermore, turbulence quantities such as turbulence kinetic energy, eddy viscosity, and Reynolds stress are also studied, which are helpful to learn the transition＇s behavior.     

永磁涡流调速技术在风机水泵调速中的适用性分析

本文分析了永磁涡流调速技术应用在风机水泵类负载中,滑差功率损耗与转速的关系。推导出永磁涡流调速装置啮合长度与临界转差率、最大转矩的公式。通过对比分析风机水泵类负载的特性曲线与永磁涡流调速传动装置的转矩-转速特性曲线,得出了永磁涡流调速装置使用时会产生转速突变,传递的转矩不能满足风机水泵负载的要求。     

水面舰船流噪声数值预报研究与应用

在梳理流噪声数值预报方法的基础上,采用流场大涡模拟（large eddy simulation,LES）和声学边界元（boundary element method,BEM）方法在频域内计算预报了船体流噪声谱曲线,求取了其等效声中心.LES计算时选用动力学Smagorinsky-Lilly（dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly,DSM）亚格子应力模型,流噪声由船体壁面脉动压力和法向速度特性决定,声源节点和声节点变量传递采用一对一的守恒传递方式.结果表明：某型船在航速14 kn时,裸船体流噪声在20 Hz~2 kHz频段内总声源级为133dB;当计算有效频段扩展到20 kHz时,总声源级达143.3 dB.流噪声主要来源于兴波引起的涡量,且主要集中于100 Hz~10 kHz频段.球首尾流区和船体尾涡区对流噪声辐射量贡献明显,特别是球首尾流区,对全频段都有明显的贡献,为水面舰艇流噪声研究提供了一条新的途径.     

带阻尼条的永磁无刷直流电机转子温度场分析

随着永磁电机的单机容量和功率密度不断增大,使得电机运行时产生的单位体积损耗显著增加.引起电机各部分温度升高,这直接影响电机的寿命和运行的可靠性.大型永磁电机的实际运行是一个非常复杂的物理过程,为了准确地描述这一物理过程,从包括电磁场和温度场在内的多场耦合的角度进行分析是必要的.本文采用有限元法围绕永磁电机转子三维温度场进行了系统地研究.     

Large eddy simulations for quasi-2D turbulence in shallow flows: A comparison between different subgrid scale models

In this study, the performance of the horizontal large eddy simulation module, developed at the University of Leuven (HLES-KULeuven module) is assessed. A comparison between different subgrid scale models has been carried out. The study is concerned with the non-rotating and unstratified flows. The results of the simulation for an oscillatory backward facing (BFS) flow are presented in case of an expanding flume based on a one-length scale approach and a two-length scale approach. Three subgrid scale (SGS) models have been tested: Smagorinsky SGS model (Smagorinsky, J., (1963). General circulation experiments with the primitive equations, I. the basic experiments. Monthly Weather Review, 91(3), 99–164), Uittenbogaard SGS model (Uittenbogaard, R.E., and van Vossen, B., (2004). Subgrid-scale model for quasi-2D turbulence in shallow water. Shallow Flows. Jirka and Uijttewaal (Eds.), Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 90 5809 700 5) and a proposed two-length scale approach. The first two models are considered to be a one-length scale models. A simulation without a subgrid scale model for the horizontal mixing has also been conducted. In all simulations, a quadratic friction model parameterizes the dissipation produced by the 3D-subdepth scale turbulence. The two-length scale concept uses a newly mixing length formulation for the quasi-2D turbulence and doesn't depend on the filter width in contrast to the one-length scale approach, in which the mixing length is function of the filter width. The outputs of the HLES-KULeuven module have been compared with the experimental data taken from Stelling, G.S., and Wang, L.X., (1984). Experiments and computations on separating flow in an expanding flume. Dept. Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Report 2–84.). The two-length scale approach has been validated with experimental data from SERC Flood Channel Facility at HR Wallingford. In general, there is a qualitative agreement with the experimental data. It has also been found that the two-length scale approach produces more elongated and less isotropic vortex than the one-length scale models.     

用大涡模拟方法研究湍流边界层流动噪声

利用大涡模拟方法,对刚性光滑平板上充分发展的低马赫数湍流边界层流动进行了数值模拟.在此基础上将时一空变化的湍流流场信息作为近场声源,运用Lishthill的声学类比理论计算了边界层辐射噪声.文中讨论了偶极子、四极子对噪声的贡献,通过对比它们的功率谱密度,认为壁面剪切应力(偶极子)是湍流边界层辐射噪声的主要来源.     

开孔分布对空腔流动特性的分析

开孔分布是影响空腔流动的一个重要因素.为了对开孔空腔流动有更深的认识,采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,以Suboff艇体母线建立二维模型,研究4种开孔分布对空腔流动阻力,频谱特性及内外流交换的影响.对计算结果的分析表明,由于艇体表面的压力分布不同,孔附近产生纵向压力差,促使空腔内外流动交换,增加主艇体首尾压差阻力,进而使得总阻力增大.计算结果表明艇体阻力增加与内外流交换的密切相关,开孔位于中部时总阻力增量最小,内外流增量最小,开孔均匀分布时引起内外流流动交换剧烈,阻力增量最大,而且开孔引起总阻力波动幅值增加,频率分布特性发生相应的改变,开孔使得大幅波动频带变宽,可以预测噪声强度增加,频带变宽.     

用基于SST模型的DES方法数值模拟圆柱绕流

分离涡数值模拟方法(DES)在物面附近求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,在其他区域采用大涡模拟方法.兼具前者计算量小的优点和后者能模拟大分离湍流流动、计算精度高的优势.采用基于剪切应力传输(SST)两方程湍流模型的DES方法对粘性不可压缩流体的圆柱绕流问题进行数值模拟.通过对所得的速度场、压力场、阻力系数Cd、升力系数Cl、斯特罗哈数St等结果的分析及与文献上的实验和计算数据的比较,说明DES方法对于层流及高亚临界雷诺数的圆柱绕流模拟是合理的.     

潜艇模型尾流场脉动速度及压力的子波自相关分析

采用热线风速仪和压力传感器同时测量潜艇尾流边界层的脉动压力和脉动速度信号,运用连续子波变换的自相关和互相关分析,研究边界层相干结构的变化规律。结果显示,相干结构在时空中呈多尺度分布,在对数区主要集中在大尺度,在缓冲区扩散到小尺度。在大尺度向小尺度的过渡过程中,相关性下降很快,小尺度涡相关性更弱。广泛存在的相关性很弱的小尺度涡成为数量巨大、含能很少的背景湍流。子波变换的自相关分析可以定性,也可以定量显示涡的时空特性,是研究湍流多尺度相干结构的有效方法。     

三维孔腔流激噪声的大涡模拟与声学类比预报与验证研究

孔腔流动从属于与自持振荡密切相关的一类基本流动。在工业领域中,孔腔流动会引起结构振动与疲劳、噪声的产生与阻力的急剧增加,因而备受关注。文章通过大涡模拟结合FW-H声学类比方法,对于五种不同尺寸的方形孔腔在水中的流动发声进行了数值预报。首先,简要介绍了国际上采用大涡模拟结合声学类比在孔腔流激噪声数值预报方面所做的一些研究;其次,详细描述了所使用的大涡模拟方法、动态Smagorinsky亚格子模型以及FW-H声学类比方法。最后,详细分析了计算结果,包括孔腔中的流谱、孔腔与载体上的涡量分布以及五个孔腔的辐射噪声频谱。将噪声的计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,验证了文中所建立的数值预报方法的可靠性。