基于Lighthill声类比的流激噪声三维计算及验证

随着舰艇管路系统中阀门、泵及弯管等部件流激噪声问题的日益突出,水动力流激噪声数值计算方法逐渐受到关注。针对阀门的流动诱导噪声问题,文章结合大涡模拟和Lighthill声类比理论,建立了流激噪声混合计算方法并对类阀空腔模型进行了数值模拟和验证。首先,流场采用大涡模拟计算了低马赫数下三维类阀空腔模型的非定常流动。然后,将流场计算结果导入ACTRAN,通过ACTRAN中基于有限元/无限元的Lighthill声类比理论对流噪声进行求解。最终将流激噪声计算结果与声学试验进行了对比分析。对比结果表明,该流激噪声混合计算方法可行且计算结果可靠,可应用于水动力噪声的研究。     

Numerical Investigation on Two-dimensional Boundary Layer Flow with Transition

As a basic problem in many engineering applications, transition from laminar to turbulence still remains a difficult problem in computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. A numerical study of one transitional flow in two-dimensional is conducted by Reynolds averaged numerical simulation （RANS） in this paper. Turbulence model plays a significant role in the complex flows＇ simulation, and four advanced turbulence models are evaluated. Numerical solution of frictional resistance coefficient is compared with the measured one in the transitional zone, which indicates that Wilcox （2006） k-ω model with correction is the best candidate. Comparisons of numerical and analytical solutions for dimensionless velocity show that averaged streamwise dimensionless velocity profiles correct the shape rapidly in transitional region. Furthermore, turbulence quantities such as turbulence kinetic energy, eddy viscosity, and Reynolds stress are also studied, which are helpful to learn the transition＇s behavior.     

基于大涡模拟和Kirchhoff积分方法的孔腔流动发声机理分析

孔腔流动与流激噪声是流声耦合研究领域的重要课题。文章基于大涡模拟方法与Kirchhoff积分,探讨了水中孔腔流动的发声机理。由孔腔流动振荡模态分析可知,在水中较低马赫数情况下,流体共振模态极难存在,故而流体动力振荡是产生孔腔流激噪声的根源,从而揭示了孔腔流激噪声形成的机理。进而又基于Kirchhoff控制面积分与物体壁面积分,辨识了偶极子声源和四极子声源对于流激噪声影响量级以及频谱分布规律,并结合流体动力声源的数学表达、Lighthill应力张量的频谱分析和壁面效应分析,指出了孔腔中涡旋对于流场脉动量声学效应的输运作用是孔腔流激噪声传播的成因,从而揭示了孔腔流激噪声传播的机理。     

水面舰船流噪声数值预报研究与应用

在梳理流噪声数值预报方法的基础上,采用流场大涡模拟（large eddy simulation,LES）和声学边界元（boundary element method,BEM）方法在频域内计算预报了船体流噪声谱曲线,求取了其等效声中心.LES计算时选用动力学Smagorinsky-Lilly（dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly,DSM）亚格子应力模型,流噪声由船体壁面脉动压力和法向速度特性决定,声源节点和声节点变量传递采用一对一的守恒传递方式.结果表明：某型船在航速14 kn时,裸船体流噪声在20 Hz~2 kHz频段内总声源级为133dB;当计算有效频段扩展到20 kHz时,总声源级达143.3 dB.流噪声主要来源于兴波引起的涡量,且主要集中于100 Hz~10 kHz频段.球首尾流区和船体尾涡区对流噪声辐射量贡献明显,特别是球首尾流区,对全频段都有明显的贡献,为水面舰艇流噪声研究提供了一条新的途径.     

Numerical study on flow-induced noise for a steam stop-valve using large eddy simulation

The noise induced by the fluctuant saturated steam flow under 250 °C in a stop-valve was numerically studied.The simulation was carried out using computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and ACTRAN.The acoustic field was investigated with Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy based on the properties of the flow field obtained using a large-eddy simulation that employs the LES-WALE dynamic model as the sub-grid-scale model.Firstly,the validation of mesh was well conducted,illustrating that two million elements were sufficient in this situation.Secondly,the treatment of the steam was deliberated,and conclusions indicate that when predicting the flow-induced noise of the stop-valve,the steam can be treated as incompressible gas at a low inlet velocity.Thirdly,the flow-induced noises under different inlet velocities were compared.The findings reveal it has remarkable influence on the flow-induced noises.Lastly,whether or not the heat preservation of the wall has influence on the noise was taken into account.The results show that heat preservation of the wall had little influence.     

永磁涡流调速技术在风机水泵调速中的适用性分析

本文分析了永磁涡流调速技术应用在风机水泵类负载中,滑差功率损耗与转速的关系。推导出永磁涡流调速装置啮合长度与临界转差率、最大转矩的公式。通过对比分析风机水泵类负载的特性曲线与永磁涡流调速传动装置的转矩-转速特性曲线,得出了永磁涡流调速装置使用时会产生转速突变,传递的转矩不能满足风机水泵负载的要求。     

用基于SST模型的DES方法数值模拟圆柱绕流

分离涡数值模拟方法(DES)在物面附近求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,在其他区域采用大涡模拟方法.兼具前者计算量小的优点和后者能模拟大分离湍流流动、计算精度高的优势.采用基于剪切应力传输(SST)两方程湍流模型的DES方法对粘性不可压缩流体的圆柱绕流问题进行数值模拟.通过对所得的速度场、压力场、阻力系数Cd、升力系数Cl、斯特罗哈数St等结果的分析及与文献上的实验和计算数据的比较,说明DES方法对于层流及高亚临界雷诺数的圆柱绕流模拟是合理的.     

涡流探伤在焊缝涂装状态下质量检测的应用

为了有效检测涂装状态下吊耳焊缝的焊接质量,采用试验的方法模拟对比涡流探伤技术和磁粉探伤技术,对已涂装的焊缝进行焊接质量缺陷检查,结果表明,涡流探伤技术应用于船舶吊耳在涂装状态下的焊缝质量检测,与传统的磁粉探伤相比具有施工难度小、人员劳动强度低、环境污染少、涂装材料节约的优点,对已涂装焊缝的质量能够实现高效检测,能够缩短...     

Evaluating transfer velocity-wind speed relationship using a long-term series of direct eddy correlation CO2 flux measurements

Long-term observations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer were performed by an eddy correlation system, which was set-up on a platform in the Baltic Sea. In this experiment the three-dimensional wind vector and the turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO₂ were measured for one and a half years. Simultaneously the CO₂ partial pressure p_CO2 in surface water was measured by a submersible autonomous moored instrument for CO₂ at the platform in 7-m depth. The high-resolution eddy correlation measurements of the atmospheric CO₂ flux F_CO2, together with the measurements of the CO₂ partial pressure differences between air and sea Δp_CO2 led to a long-term data set which provided the possibility to investigate the parameterization of the CO₂ transfer velocity k as a function of 10-m wind speed u in a statistical manner. From half-hour mean CO₂ fluxes and CO₂ partial pressure differences, k was calculated using k = F_CO2 / (K₀Δp_CO2), with K₀ the CO₂ solubility. The half-hour mean data points, used for the determination of the k–u parameterization, show large scatter. However, assuming a linear, quadratic dependency the analysis yields: k₆₆₀ = 0.365u² + 0.46u (k at 20 °C and salinity 35 psu) with a correlation coefficient of r² = 0.81. The large scatter indicates that the kinetics of the air–sea CO₂ transfer velocity is not only a function of the wind speed alone, but might also be controlled by other environmental parameters and mechanisms, such as sea state and surface coverage with surfactants.     

正弦前缘对三维机翼气动性能的影响研究

应用CFD数值仿真预报方法,系统分析正弦前缘各参数对三维机翼气动性能的影响。应用分离涡模拟方法,绘制并比较标准和正弦前缘三维机翼的气动性能曲线,给出压力系数云图和流线分布云图。数值分析结果表明:当波高为3 mm、正弦前缘布置范围大于30%展长、正弦波周期为5.5时,与标准三维机翼相比,最大升力系数提高19.7%,失速角延迟16.7%。研究结果确定最佳的参数组合,有效抑制三维机翼大攻角工况下的失速现象。