An analysis of trends in passenger and freight transport energy consumption in India

This primary objective of this paper is to examine the causes for the change in energy consumption in the transport sector in India. The pattern of energy consumption and their causes for change are benchmarked against select countries. A mathematical model that decomposes changes in energy consumption to various factors has been used. The changes in the energy consumption are attributed to growth in transport volume, structural change or modal shift, and energy intensity. The analysis is conducted for passenger and freight transport separately. Results indicate that the growth in transport volume has been the main cause for increase in energy consumption for both passenger and freight transport in India despite the decline in energy intensity of various transport modes. Though not surprising for a growing economy like India, this poses a challenge for the future. Currently, India is a low carbon economy.     

A time‐staged multi‐objective network‐design model

A multi‐objective, time‐staged network‐design problem is formulated. Through transformation, the problem is decomposed into a set of single‐period, single‐objective problems. Lexicographic ordering is instrumental in effecting this transformation; it also allows a backward‐recursion algorithm to be applied using strong pruning criteria. Furthermore, monotonicity properties enable us to solve the problem using the familiar tree‐search algorithms. The solution method has several desirable properties — as shown by an example and a case study of Tripoli Province, Libya. First, the algorithm ensures continuity of project implementation over the multi time‐periods and provides optimality in later computational stages irrespective of the decision at an interim stage. Second, the algorithm tends to provide accessibility to unconnected regions in the study area at low user‐cost without employing weights to the two objective functions of accessibility and user‐cost efficiency. Such a property is deemed advantageous for suggesting transportation investments based purely on purchasing the greatest benefit for each dollar, with political neutrality strictly maintained.     

汽车硅油风扇离合器性能试验方法研究和测试台研制

通过对汽车硅油风扇离合器工况的模拟和高效测试方法的研究,研制测试其各项技术参数的数控自动测试台。实现对产品性能的自动、高效、准确的判定。     

基于非集计与弹性联合模型的交通需求分析

随着我国交通事业的蓬勃发展,人们对交通方式的需求正在不断发生变化。基于科学研究的交叉性和外延性,将不同研究领域已经基本成熟的模型,即微观经济学中的费用效益弹性理论模型和交通方式分布中的非集计模型(Logit模型)有机地结合并融为一体,得到一种联合模型,使其更容易将数据定量化、具体化。通过这个联合模型来分析交通需求并将与交通需求相关的因素进行对比,得出交通因素发生变化对交通需求者和供给者的影响。     

大城市客运交通结构优化模型研究

城市客运交通结构是关系城市交通系统发展方向的核心问题。从城市交通可持续发展角度出发建立了大城市客运交通结构优化的线性规划模型,其中决策变量为城市客运交通系统中各种交通方式的周转量。该模型的目标为最大化城市客运交通效率,该交通效率不是简单的各种交通方式客运周转量的函数,而是由各种交通方式的客运周转量和各种交通方式对城市客运交通效率贡献率共同决定。同时考虑客运交通结构优化过程中应满足的出行需求总量约束、可达性约束、占地约束、能耗约束、环境容量约束和各种交通方式发展规模约束等。该模型在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

高压水射流清洗作业中喷嘴的设计原理和选型依据

主要介绍了高压水射流清洗系统中喷嘴的设计原理和选型依据、实验结果,通过了解喷嘴的设计过程和影响喷嘴的性能因素,选择与清洗系统匹配的喷嘴,可以明显地提高清洗作业的效果,减少劳动损耗.     

车用涡轮增压柴油机VVE系统的模拟研究

提出了一种适用于车用四行程涡轮增压中冷柴油机的变充气系数 (VVE)系统 ,装在一台 6缸柴油机上进行了性能模拟计算。结果表明 ,在不放废气的情况下 ,最大扭矩工况可使柴油机得到足够的进气充量 ,标定工况时最高燃烧压力不超标 ,而且可以降低燃油消耗率和NOx 排放。VVE系统可代替车用增压柴油机高工况放气     

机车车辆用新型空气过滤器概述

对机车车辆用传统空气过滤器存在的问题进行分析,介绍一种适合机车车辆用新型空气过滤器的结构特点、过滤原理、主要性能及试验情况等。     

土-结构相互作用的桥梁多尺度建模与分析

考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)是地震激励下桥梁抗震性能评估的热难点之一.由于考虑土体影响多而建立的结构模型计算耗时极长,为了提高效率,现采用一致多尺度建模方法,将所研究部位建为实体单元,其他部位建为梁单元,单元之间采用适当的方法进行界面连接,保证宏观、精细单元间的变形协调,并对某一桥梁进行分析,验证了该方法的正确性.在此基础上,基于多尺度建模方法,建立三跨连续梁桥模型,对其进行弹塑性时程分析,对比分析考虑SSI和不考虑SSI效应的桥梁模型在地震激励下的响应结果,研究SSI效应对桥梁抗震性能的影响.结果表明:多尺度建模方法可以在保证计算精度的前提下有效地提高计算效率;考虑SSI效应能够有效地降低桥梁的抗震性能需求.因此,在设计时应加以考虑.     

系统效能通用评估工具研究

基于数据库和算法集成,设计了一套具有良好通用性、灵活性、可扩展性的系统效能评估工具,并以此工具为基础,针对不同的评估需求、数据量和应用环境提出对应的解决方案.