Transient characteristics of emissions during engine start/stop operation employing a conventional gasoline engine for HEV application

In this paper, we investigate the transient characteristics of combustion and emissions during engine start/stop operations in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions during the initial 2^nd∼9^th cycles are found to be significantly greater when the engine is quickly started under the original engine calibration mode. Lower intake manifold absolute pressure (MAP) was also found to cause larger residual gas dilution and poor combustion, resulting in a higher HC concentration when the cranking speed was increased. The post-catalyst HC concentration was found in the way of initially decrease and then to increase again as the cranking speed was increased. A lowest concentration value was achieved at a cranking speed of 1000 r/min. Engine shut-down by fuel cut-off was shown to produce lower emissions than shut-down by ignition cut-off as one can avoid misfire of the last fuel injection cycle. The fuel deposited during the stop process seems to impact engine restart enrichment mostly during the initial 0.7 s for this engine, whose performance is dominated by the MAP transition characteristic and the time coefficient for fuel vaporization in this time period     

双车道公路线形连续性分析与评价

针对公路线形连续是保证汽车安全行驶的基本要求,以运行车速为中介,提出了相邻路段运行车速相协调的路线设计理念,并参考国外双车道公路及国内高等级公路线形连续性评价标准,提出了双车道公路线形连续性评价标准。经实例分析,证实所提标准较为合理,从而为设计和改建双车道公路提供了重要依据。根据分析结果,讨论了该路段事故多发点产生的原因,并提出了相应的改善措施。此外,从驾驶员行驶舒适性的角度对线形的舒适性作出了评价,并提出了双车道公路线形舒适性的评价标准。     

油田地面注水系统节能降耗对策

针对国内现有油田地面注水系统的现状,分析在役地面注水系统的能量损失,提出油田地面注水系统节能降耗的对策。主要从提高效率、节约能源的两个角度,对地面注水系统能量损失进行阐述。从选择高效率的电动机和注水泵、提高注水水质、降低管网沿程磨损等方面降低整个地面注水系统能量损耗,达到节约能源的目的。     

基于Matlab／Simulink汽车驾驶员电动座椅控制系统的仿真设计

以汽车驾驶员电动座椅的水平调节为例,利用Matlab／Simuulink对具有自动调节功能的直流伺服位置控制系统的动态特性进行计算和仿真,从而确定该系统控制器的最佳控制参数的匹配。     

高填矩形、拱形截面明洞土压力差异性规律研究

为了得到矩形、拱形截面明洞土压力随填土高度的变化规律,采用模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法进行研究,得到以下结果： 1）截面形式对明洞土压力大小影响很大,且基础刚度不同,差异性明显。拱形截面明洞洞顶轴线处竖向土压力大于矩形截面明洞。2）刚性基础拱形截面明洞洞顶同一平面竖向土压力变化呈减小-平缓的趋势,而柔性基础呈减小-增大-平缓的趋势; 矩形截面明洞呈增大-减小-平缓的趋势。3）刚性基础明洞洞顶同一平面水平土压力分布形式呈现出2个拱形,而柔性基础明洞仅在洞顶上方出现1个拱形。4）刚性基础拱形、矩形截面明洞洞顶至0.6倍洞高范围内土体位移分别呈“W”、“双V”形分布,0.6～3倍洞高内均呈“V”形分布,3倍洞高以上无相对沉降,而柔性基础明洞土体位移在0～3倍洞高内均为“V”形,3倍洞高以上无相对沉降。     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.     

Effect of handling characteristics on minimum time cornering with torque vectoring

In this paper, the effect of both passive and actively-modified vehicle handling characteristics on minimum time manoeuvring for vehicles with 4-wheel torque vectoring (TV) capability is studied. First, a baseline optimal TV strategy is sought, independent of any causal control law. An optimal control problem (OCP) is initially formulated considering 4 independent wheel torque inputs, together with the steering angle rate, as the control variables. Using this formulation, the performance benefit using TV against an electric drive train with a fixed torque distribution, is demonstrated. The sensitivity of TV-controlled manoeuvre time to the passive understeer gradient of the vehicle is then studied. A second formulation of the OCP is introduced where a closed-loop TV controller is incorporated into the system dynamics of the OCP. This formulation allows the effect of actively modifying a vehicle's handling characteristic via TV on its minimum time cornering performance of the vehicle to be assessed. In particular, the effect of the target understeer gradient as the key tuning parameter of the literature-standard steady-state linear single-track model yaw rate reference is analysed.     

某款纯电动客车系统匹配和方案设计

结合某款纯电动客车的研发与应用,介绍纯电动系统的匹配设计和整车CAN网络架构,并提出合理的纯电动系统高压配电管理方案。     

基于交通污染控制的多车型发展问题研究

针对汽车车型种类日益繁多,交通污染日益严重的问题,目前划分车型的依据多而杂。文中从汽车能源的角度划分车型,提出根据控制车型的拥有量来控制二氧化碳的排放,并建立模型计算碳排放量。从能源与环保角度,提出发展新型能源汽车,尤其是纯电动汽车,是必然的趋势,并给出了控制多车型发展的建议。     

连接片阻值对电动汽车用动力电池性能的影响

鉴于单体电池间连接片的阻值和极柱的位置影响单节电池的性能,基于Matlab/Simscape开发了单体电池模型,并利用此模型和以电阻模拟的连接片构建了单节电池模型,仿真分析了连接片阻值对单节电池性能的影响。结果表明,连接片的存在使与极柱相连的单体电池最先达到电池管理系统设定的放电截止电压,以致影响电池的性能;与极柱相连的单体电池的率先老化导致与其相邻的单体电池出现过放电的现象,影响单节电池的安全性。最后,设定各单体电池SOC间最大偏差为0.05,对不同并联电池数目的单节电池进行仿真,得出连接片与电池欧姆内阻阻值的合理比例。