Policy analysis of third party electronic coupons for public transit fares

Mobile technologies are generating new business models for urban transport systems, as is evident from recent startups cropping up from the private sector. Public transport systems can make more use of mobile technologies than just for measuring system performance, improving boarding times, or for analyzing travel patterns. A new transaction model is proposed for public transport systems where travelers are allowed to pre-book their fares and trade that demand information to private firms. In this public-private partnership model, fare revenue management is outsourced to third party private firms such as big box retail or large planned events (such as sports stadiums and theme parks), who can issue electronic coupons to travelers to subsidize their fares. This e-coupon pricing model is analyzed using marginal cost theory for the transit service and shown to be quite effective for monopolistic coupon rights, particularly for demand responsive transit systems that feature high cost fares, non-commute travel purposes, and a closed access system with existing pre-booking requirements. However, oligopolistic scenarios analyzed using game theory and network economics suggest that public transport agencies need to take extreme care in planning and implementing such a policy. Otherwise, they risk pushing an equivalent tax on private firms or disrupting the urban economy and real estate values while increasing ridership.     

故障树分析法在汽油发动机电控系统故障诊断中的应用

发动机电控系统是由传感器、执行器和控制单元三部分组成的,发动机正常运转过程是以控制系统为基础,通过不同信号的采集、处理和传输来实现发动机进气、喷油、点火等环节的有序进行.一旦发生故障,则症状的界限模糊.通常情况下系统故障发生在某个部件的具体位置,其他位置表现的状态正常,因此当发生局部故障时,最好是查清故障的具体位置然后...     

Introducing congestion pricing on a new toll road

This paper proposes a demonstration project to test the effectiveness of congestion pricing in an urban area. It reviews the general theoretical case for such pricing and summarizes recent international interest in congestion pricing. Next, it sets forth the reasons why demonstration projects are needed, both to add to our knowledge about how effective congestion pricing may prove to be, and to address political and other public-acceptance barriers to implementation of the concept. The paper then defines a specific proposed test site for congestion pricing: a new toll road being planned for Orange County, California. It is proposed that instead of charging flat-rate tolls, the transportation agency could charge peak and off-peak tolls, increasing the level of the peak charge each year over a period of up to 10 years unless or until toll revenues decline below the levels forecast under the flat-rate toll alternative. Measurements of traffic flow and ride-sharing behavior would be made, as well as calculations of emission-reduction effects. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of marketing and political considerations involved in conducting such a demonstration.Abbreviations ARB Air Resources Board - AVI Automatic Vehicle Identification - CDMG Corridor Design Management Group - HOV High-occupancy vehicle - SJHTC San Joaquin Hills Transportation Corridor - TCA Transportation Corridor Agency - VMT Vehicle miles traveled     

关于车辆电控悬架系统的研究

车辆悬架系统是保证车辆操纵稳定性和舒适性的重要部件,电子控制悬架系统相对传统被动悬架系统能大幅度提高车辆的上述性能。在对电子控制悬架系统做了相关研究的基础上,介绍了电子控制悬架系统的功能和类型,分析了它的基本工作原理,着重论述以现代控制理论为核心的电控悬架系统的控制方法。     

安徽省二级公路收费存在的问题及对策研究

分析了安徽省二级公路收费存在收费规模大、收费标准高、收费效益差、收费站点设置不合理、债务负担沉重等具有普遍性的问题。针对这些问题,从我国公路发展方向及提高整个公路网的运行效益等角度,提出应尽快撤除二级公路收费站点;从收费公路兼具公共性和商品性两重属性出发,提出政府财政应承担部分债务的偿还;结合《收费公路管理条例》相关内容,提出实行收费公路“统贷统还”以及二级公路与高速公路捆绑还贷等策略。这些研究结论对解决目前二级公路收费存在的问题具有参考价值。     

基于双模式执行器的商用车自适应巡航控制系统

为实现商用车自适应巡航控制(ACC)系统的功能,开发了双模式制动执行装置和电子油门控制装置,即基于高速开关阀的商用车气压电控辅助制动系统和双模式油门控制系统,可以实现驾驶员和ACC系统的协同切换控制。在此基础上,以某商用车为对象,设计了ACC系统,结合比例-积分控制器和Smith预估补偿器设计了ACC的下位控制算法。结果表明:该ACC系统速度稳态跟踪误差小于1 m.s-1,距离稳态跟踪误差小于1.5 m;同时油门执行器和制动执行器具有安装方便、与原车电子油门及气压制动系统兼容性好的优点。     

国际标准电子海图显示系统的关键开发技术研究

依据数字化海道测量数据传输标准和电子海图内容与显示规范,结合S-57数据解析和海图显示过程,以国际标准电子显示系统开发关键技术为研究重点,提出海图数据结构设计和海图快速显示方案,实现了国际标准电子海图显示系统的开发。     

爱丽舍轿车电子节气门及初始化

爱丽舍轿车TU5JP4型发动机采用了功能先进的电子节气门。本文介绍电子节气门系统的结构和工作原理，并对电子节气门和加速踏板位置传感器的初始化过程进行说明。     

汽车车身电子技术试验台的开发

阐述汽车车身电子技术试验台的作用、意义及开发过程，给出其开发后的电路图及实物照片，多次试运行证明了电路开发设计的正确性。该试验台的开发将有助于理论结合实际、去伪存真、真正掌握现代轿车车身电子设备的检修技能。     

车辆跟驰时间序列实测数据采集方法研究

在分析国内外跟车模型数据采集方法研究历史的基础上,利用车载高精度GPS接收机,通过试验,建立基于GPS的实时动态车辆跟驰数据采集方法,较好地解决了困扰国内外研究者多年的反映跟车状态下驾驶员行为和车辆运行特征的时间序列实测数据采集的问题。