控制稀燃汽油机NOx吸附-还原催化转化器再生过程的试验研究

针对汽油机稀薄燃烧排放控制的特殊要求,研制了一套适用于稀燃汽油机的电控节气门(ECT)系统.该系统可控制稀燃发动机周期性的短暂工作于浓混合气状态,满足NOx吸附-还原催化转化器的工作要求,降低稀燃发动机的NOx排放.并在混合气浓度改变的同时实现对点火时刻和节气门开度的连动控制,维持发动机输出功率稳定.实验结果表明,稀混合气燃烧配以NOx吸附-还原催化转化器进行排气后处理可使NOx排放最低达50×10-6,最高转化率达91%,该系统是解决稀燃及其排放问题的可行方案.     

上海市公交柴油车碳烟排放的评估与分析

介绍了上海市道路交通以及公交汽车拥有量的发展；按照发动机购置年份、机型以及车队等统计上海市公交柴油车碳烟排放状况；追踪某一车队同一机型连续几年来的百公里油耗以及碳烟排放水平，分析了影响公交柴油车碳烟排放的各种因素；最后从管理方面提出加强I／M制度以降低公交柴油车碳烟排放。     

增压直喷柴油机EGR系统设计与试验研究

以增压直喷柴油机为研究对象,设计了一套EGR控制系统以降低NOx排放,具体介绍了EGR系统中的进气节流阀、组合气缸阀、EGR冷却器及电控系统的结构形式,并通过发动机试验测试了EGR系统的实际控制效果。     

CNG/柴油双燃料车用发动机排放特性研究

通过用YZA102Q柴油机改装的CNG／柴油双燃料发动机进行燃用双燃料和纯柴油两种情况下的对比试验。对CNG／柴油双燃料发动机THC、CO、NOx和烟度的排放特性，以及空燃比、引燃油量、喷油提前角对双燃料发动机排放的影响进行了研究和分析。     

采用排气循环技术改善车用柴油机NOx的排放特性

在增压中冷直喷式柴油机上，通过采用排气再循环（ＥＧＲ）的技术措施，分析研究了ＥＧＲ在不同条件下对柴油机ＮＯｘ的排放特性及其工作过程的影响，指出了ＥＧＲ抑制ＮＯｘ排放量的原理和具体效率。     

车用催化转化器流动阻力影响因素的研究

流动阻力是车用催化转化器的重要性能之一。作者对载体结构参数，入口扩张管和出口收这三个因素进行了试验研究，并对载体通道的流动进行了理论分析，提出了一种计算载体流动阻力的方法。研究结果表明，载体结构参数和扩张管锥角对流动阻力影响显著，而收缩管锥角的影响不明显，在载体结构参数中，减小载体壁厚是降低催化器阻力的有效措施。     

Planning hierarchical urban transit systems for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions

Public transit systems with high occupancy can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to low-occupancy transportation modes, but current transit systems have not been designed to reduce environmental impacts. This motivates the study of the benefits of design and operational approaches for reducing the environmental impacts of transit systems. For example, transit agencies may replace level-of-service (LOS) by vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a criterion in evaluating design and operational changes. In previous work, we explored the unintended consequences of lowering transit LOS on emissions in a single-technology transit system. Herein, we extend the analysis to account for a more realistic case: a transit system with a hierarchical structure (trunk and feeder lines) providing service to a city where demand is elastic. By considering the interactions between the trunk and the feeder systems, we provide a quantitative basis for designing and operating integrated urban transit systems that can reduce GHG emissions and societal costs. We find that highly elastic transit demand may cancel emission reduction potentials resulting from lowering LOS, due to demand shifts to lower occupancy vehicles. However, for mass transit modes, these potentials are still significant. Transit networks with buses, bus rapid transit or light rail as trunk modes should be designed and operated near the cost-optimal point when the demand is highly elastic, while this is not required for metro. We find that the potential for unintended consequences increases with the size of the city. Our results are robust to uncertainties in the costs and emissions parameters.     

基于多源数据的公交车能耗碳排放测算模型

公交车能耗碳排放强度与车辆、线路和驾驶员有显著相关关系，为精准刻画其能耗碳排放强度特征，整合OBD监测数据、加油(气)数据、运营排班数据等多源数据资源. OBD监测数据和加油(气)数据呈显著的线性关系，证明修正后的OBD监测数据可满足分析要求. 搭建“速度-能耗碳排放强度曲线”测算模型，幂函数关系的拟合优度R2 =0.972 6 为最高. 实证研究发现，平均速度在10~60 km/h 变化时，液化天然气(LNG)车比柴油车能耗碳排放强度高 3.3%~33.7%，双层车比铰接车高2.4%~13.3%；LNG铰接车在不同线路、相同速度下的强度相差9.6%；不同驾驶员在相同线路的能耗碳排放强度可相差24.2%. 模型为各城市基于多源数据开展公交能耗碳排放目标设定提供数据支撑.     

Did Chinese cities that implemented driving restrictions see reductions in PM10?

Imposing driving restrictions is becoming increasingly popular as a policy intended to control urban air pollution. Existing studies on this topic offer highly mixed observations, and each study tends to focus on only one city. In this paper, we used 11 Chinese cities with driving restrictions as the treatment group, and compared them to other cities that did not implement the policy. Based on a propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis, we found no evidence of a decrease in PM10 concentrations in cities after they implemented driving restrictions. This finding may be attributed to an increase in the number of cars in these cities after implementing driving restrictions, but we also found no evidence of an improvement in air quality for a given number of cars after implementation of the policies.     

4缸柴油机停缸仿真及试验研究

采用停缸技术对小型4缸柴油机的燃油消耗率和排放进行了仿真和试验研究。利用GT-Power建立模型并模拟了停缸位置对燃油消耗率的影响,结合传热损失等因素确定了试验停缸位置。在断油式停缸和断油断气式停缸模式下进行试验和燃烧分析。试验结果表明:停缸后缸内等容度降低;断油式停缸后燃油消耗率和NOx增大但炭烟减少;断油断气式停缸后部分试验点燃油消耗率降低,但NOx和炭烟排放增加。