Factors influencing the purchasing decisions of low emission cars: A study of Slovenia

This paper presents a study of customer preferences and opinions about alternative fuel vehicles. Nowadays the studies of green technologies, especially in the area of green transport, are interesting for policy makers, vehicle producers, customers and energy suppliers. Many stakeholders from public and private sector are investing a lot of effort to identify consumer behaviour for future improvements in development of their green products and strategies. This study is a modification of previously conducted research on customer behaviour on the same topic in Scotland. The survey includes almost 700 participants to identify the most important parameters of consumer behaviour related to purchase of alternative fuel vehicle. Therefore the questionnaire includes different factors, combining financial and technical aspects, environmental performance and vehicle design. Results have revealed that the most relevant factor for purchasing low emission vehicle is total vehicle price, and that the segment of potential alternative fuel vehicles buyers is much larger than we initially anticipated. Such vehicles are, surprisingly, also more attractive for the older population, according to our results.     

我国新能源汽车零部件发展必须解决7大问题

在政府主导下的新能源汽车发展热潮中，我国新能源汽车零部件受整车带动，技术水平得到一定提升，市场规模得以扩大，产业化取得一定进展。文章指出，我国新能源汽车总体上与国际先进水平仍有一定差距，特别是在关键材料和零部件的配套能力方面、关键技术的研发水平以及整车的性能等方面有待于进一步提高。为使新能源汽车零部件得到又好又快发展，必须着手解决7大问题。政府应加大支持力度，调动各方面积极性，在最短的时间内实现我国新能源汽车的跨越式发展。     

基于GIS的交通污染扩散模拟

利用GIS技术建立机动车污染仿真模拟系统，能够直观反映机动车污染的时空分布规律，为机动车污染控制研究提供有力的工具。以ArcGIS Engine为开发工具，通过属性数据和空间数据的连接，实现了武汉市机动车污染的数据查询和空间显示等功能，通过GIS和高斯扩散模型的集成，分析了武汉市交通污染分布，为机动车污染的控制提供了技术支持。该系统能对武汉市机动车污染物的排放进行实例分析。     

基于国六标准工况的重型柴油机PN排放特性研究

搭建柴油机排放测试平台,探究某重型柴油机在国六阶段瞬态循环和稳态循环试验中颗粒数目的排放特性。结果表明:无论是瞬态循环还是稳态循环,柴油机颗粒数排放都与其DPF碳载量密切相关。     

中国货运结构优化的碳减排效应测度

管理部门和学界高度重视货运结构优化问题，因为过高的公路货运量导致货运碳排放居高不下，不利于早日实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。除货运结构外，货运碳排放受诸多因素影响，但研究者大多仅关注部分重点因素影响，对于货运结构优化的碳减排效应缺乏准确理解。为解决上述问题，本文利用“自上而下”法测算1999—2019年中国货运碳排放量，并构建综合考虑社会经济变量(如人均GDP)与货运特征变量(如货运分担率)的偏最小二乘回归模型，通过调整不同货运方式使用费用，模拟2030年不同政策刺激情景下货运结构优化的碳减排效应。结果表明：1999— 2019年，社会经济变量对货运碳排放增长的年均贡献度为73%，显著高于货运特征变量；公路、铁路和水路货运分担率变化对货运碳排放增长的年均贡献度分别为1.81%、-0.01%和-0.26%；2030 年公路货运量全部转为铁路或水路货运量的极端情景，难以实现单位GDP货运碳排放较2005年下降65%的标准；增加高碳货运方式使用费用的碳减排效应比降低低碳货运方式使用费用更显著。     

Does a carbon tax affect the feasibility of Arctic shipping?

The Arctic route has huge potential for shipping between Europe and Northeast Asia with significant savings in transit time and distance. However, GHG emissions from shipping would harm the environment of Arctic area. Potential Market Based Measures of GHG emission reduction (such as carbon tax) are under consideration but they may affect the economic viability of Northern Sea Route (NSR) for containerships. This paper investigates the economic viability of NSR against Suez Canal Route (SCR) under 2 proposed carbon tax schemes (fixed vs. progressive). Three different fuel oil types (Heavy Fuel Oil, Light Fuel Oil, Liquified Natural Gas) are used as main bunker fuel for the calculation of economic feasibility. Our result reveals that when there is no carbon tax on NSR nor SCR, or both routes are under a carbon tax scheme, no matter fixed or progressive, NSR is more economically viable, regardless of fuel type choice. When only NSR is under a carbon tax scheme, the viability depends on specific carbon tax scheme and fuel choice, but for the majority of containership sizes, NSR has lower unit cost. The result also suggests that for a given route, a progressive scheme in preferable than a fixed one and LNG would be an appealing fuel with lower unit cost.     

沥青混凝土路面应用温拌技术的经济节能环保探讨

文章以贵州省江口至玉屏高速为例,介绍了沥青混合料温拌技术的应用现状和技术优势,从造价、节能、减排三个方面重点研究了沥青混合料温拌技术与热拌技术分析比较。得出结论:采用温拌技术对路面造价影响较大,增幅达到60%~80%,节约能源消耗30%,减少有害气体排放达到50%。因此,应着力研发一种价格低廉性能良好的温拌技术,使其更广泛地应用于沥青路面建设,从而建设"资源节约型"、"环境友好型"社会,共创国家生态文明建设。     

模糊需求下快捷货物低碳运输方式及路径选择

针对模糊需求下的低碳快捷货运运输方式选择及路径规划问题,运用模糊优化理论,以2-型三角模糊变量表示不确定需求,以运输成本和碳排放量为目标,建立多目标模糊机会约束规划模型。采用逼近理想解排序法对多目标进行处理,得出不同置信水平下的快捷货物运输方案;进而探讨置信参数变化时对运输成本及碳排放量的影响,分析运输成本及碳排放量随运输时间的变化情况。研究结果表明:碳排放量对快捷货物运输方式及路径选择具有一定影响;需求不确定时,在满足运到时限的前提下,合理选择运输方式和路径对于降低运输成本和减少碳排放具有重要意义。     

基于工作流和快速开发平台技术的企业节能减排项目管理系统设计

以工作流技术为核心对企业节能减排项目管理系统进行建模,从而使项目管理的业务逻辑和具体功能独立开来,达到项目管理的统一、有序的管理,提高管理系统的兼容性和整体协作性,使系统的组织更顺畅,工作流程更灵活、适应性更强。采用快速开发平台技术,通过参数定制的方式进行开发,相较于传统的编程开发模式,通过对智能报表、数据维护、MVC业务控制和其他参数的管理,可以方便、快速、高质量地开发复杂的业务系统。     

Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping

Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies.