Heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing considering carbon emission

The paper considers heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing with carbon emission to minimizing the sum of variable operation costs. A cost-benefit assessment of the value of purchasing or selling of carbon emission rights, using a mixed integer-programming model to reflect heterogeneous vehicle routing, is incorporated. Essentially, the use of a carbon market as a means of introducing more flexibility into an environmentally constrained network is considered. Tabu search algorithms are used to obtain solutions within a reasonable amount of computation time. In particular, we show the possibility that the amount of carbon emission can be reduced significantly without sacrificing the cost due to the benefit obtained from carbon trading.     

摩托车国Ⅲ排放整车匹配试验研究

通过对原车排放摸底，然后对供油系统进行针对性的调整优化，进而对催化转化器和二次空气阀进行匹配，配合较完善的检测手段，北京英泰公司的摩托车排放控制技术方案和产品可以很好地满足国Ⅲ排放标准的限值和耐久性要求。     

积极发展低碳交通运输体系的思路

围绕我国建立以低碳排放为特征的交通运输体系目标，就其实现的有效途径及如何进行建设落实进行了分析和阐述。     

船舶尾气清洁塔设计与应用

分析船舶尾气的成份特点和危害，提出了一种比较实用的船舶尾气清洁塔结构设计，阐述尾气清洁塔的工作过程。根据清洁塔的功能实现原理，提出产品设计中气流流动与喷淋结构、气流对流与白雾消除、喷淋动态控制和沉淀物的排放、余热利用回收设计等关键问题，展望了实际运行效果和应用前景。     

国际海运温室气体排放交易机制框架

文中介绍了国际温室气体减排的背景以及排放交易的概念和现状，分析了国际海运温室气体排放交易机制的设计要素、可能存在的主要问题以及发展趋势，并为我国在此方面的；住备工作提出了建议。     

Instantaneous emissions models set in GIS for the TRANSIMS outputs

A novel methodology that provides more detailed estimates of vehicular polluting emissions is offered, in order to contribute to the improvement and the precision of emission inventories of vehicle sources through the consideration of instantaneous speed changes or acceleration instead of average vehicular speeds. This paper presents the construction and application of an instantaneous emissions model designated hereunder as “Transims’s Snapshots-Based Emissions”, which is set on a Geographic Information System that incorporates instantaneous fuel consumption factors and fuel-based emission factors to attain highest resolution of both, spatial and temporal distribution of vehicular polluting emissions based on traffic simulation through cellular automata with TRANSIMS. This work was applied to the road network of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area as case study. The development of this powerful tool led to obtaining 86,400 maps of the spatial and temporal distribution of vehicular emissions per vehicle circulating on the road network, including the following pollutants: carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, particles PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. The said maps allowed identification with highest level of detail, of the emissions and Hot-spots of fuel consumption. Also, the model permitted to obtain the emissions’ longitudinal profiles of a given vehicle along its route. This study shows that the integration method of the polynomial regression models represents an opportunity for each city to develop more easily and openly its own regional emissions models without requiring deeper programming knowledge.     

发射光谱法测定润滑油中主要磨损金属的含量

取1mL搅匀的油样,经电炉干馏,马弗炉灼烧后,得到各金属元素的相应氧化物,采用发射光谱交流电弧光源、小孔粉末制样技术,直接测定主要磨损金属元素铜、铁、锌、铅、铝、铬和硼的含量。测定精度好于10％,分析结果与美国贝尔德公司的FAS-2C型光电直读光谱仪所得数据基本一致。     

正常年青人的诱发性耳声发射

在现有设备及条件的基础上,建立了一种高灵敏度的诱发性耳声发射(EOAE)测试系统,文中介绍了建立这一系统的具体方法及其测试条件。通过对15人30只听力正常耳的EOAE测试表明,短声和1kHz短音EOAE的检出率为100%,EOAE阈值与主观听阈密切相关,是一种比较理想的客观听力评价方法。该测试系统具有灵敏度高、信噪比大、抗干扰力强等优点,具有较强的实用性。     

塑性区模型损伤修正及其对声发射活动的影响

文章采用损伤力学方法对Dugdale塑性区模型进行修正,研究损伤分布对裂尖塑性区的影响。修正的塑性区模型与Dugdale模型、Irwin模型进行了比较,结果令人满意。又通过该模型,研究声发射总计数N与应力强度因子K及塑性区半径ry之间的关系,与实验结果一致。说明可采用宏观变量ry来描述声发射活动中的微观损伤变化,有利于从多角度揭示产生声发射源的机理,适于工程应用。     

ICP-AES法测定水中铁、锰的不确定度评定

本文对ICP-AES法测定水中铁、锰的能力验证项目进行不确定度评定。讨论和比较了测量重复性、工作曲线变动性、标准溶液及分取标准溶液等不确定度影响因素,不确定度主要来源于分取标准溶液的过程中,工作曲线变动性的不确定度分量很小。水样中铁和锰含量的相对扩展不确定度分别为1.8%(k=2)和1.7%(k=2)。本文尝试将不确定度评定结果和能力验证统计量结合用于实验室检测能力水平分析。铁、锰的测定值与能力验证中位值接近,水样的测定结果为满意结果。