论公路职工教育与公路文化建设

文章针对公路行业职工教育现状,分析公路职工教育存在的问题及原因,从提高职工综合素质、加强职工＂三种文化＂建设等方面阐述了加强公路职工教育与公路文化建设的对策。     

The Impact of Travel Time Information on Travelers’ Learning under Uncertainty

In this work, laboratory experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of feedback on decision-making under uncertainty, with and without provided information about travel times. We discuss the prediction of travelers’ response to uncertainty in two route–choice situations. In the first situation travelers are faced with a route–choice problem in which travel times are uncertain but some external information about routes’ travel times is provided. The second situation takes place in a more uncertain environment in which external information about travel times is not provided, and the travelers’ only source of information is their own experience. Experimental results are in conflict with the paradigm about traveler information systems: As a consequence of information, the propensity of travelers to minimize expected travel time is not necessarily increased. Providing travelers with static information about expected travel times reveals an increase in the heterogeneity of travelers’ choices and reduces the maximization rate.     

Logistic performance evaluation of provinces in Turkey: A GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis

Logistics performance evaluation of provinces is considered in this study. To do so, a three-step solution approach is developed: (i) determination of 16 geographic and economic indicators, (ii) using geographic information system to assign a logistics score and (iii) prioritizing the indicators and ranking the provinces using multi-criteria decision analysis tools. Proposed methodology is applied to 81 provinces in Turkey as a case study. Results show that the provinces of Istanbul, Izmir, and Hatay are the pioneers. The proposed methodology provides the ability to analyze the impacts of indicators on logistics performance and create a logistics performance map of countries.     

Do people drive safer when accidents are more expensive: Testing for moral hazard in experience rating schemes

Using individual policies and claims data from the Croatian mandatory motor insurance we test the theoretical proposition that under moral hazard, experience rated pricing scheme should generate the negative state dependence in claims, i.e. that drivers should drive more safely after they had an accident. The empirical challenge in these tests is to disentangle the state dependence from unobserved heterogeneity. We propose a simple approach based on the explicit reliance on the cost of future accidents function which is used to filter out the pure incentives effect, whereas the bonus-malus scale is used to control for pure heterogeneity. Our results confirm the existence of negative dependence in claims indicating the presence of significant moral hazard effect. Increasing a 3-year cost of having an accident by approximately US$20 decreases the probability of having an accident by 6.5%.     

Stability and bifurcation in network traffic flow: A Poincaré map approach

Previous studies have shown that, in a diverge-merge network with two intermediate links (the DM network), the kinematic wave model always admits stationary solutions under constant boundary conditions, but periodic oscillations can develop from empty initial conditions. Such contradictory observations suggest that the stationary states be unstable. In this study we develop a systematic approach to investigate the stability property of stationary states in this and other networks within the framework of network kinematic wave theories. Based on the observation that kinematic waves propagate in a circular path when only one of the two intermediate links is congested, we derive a one-dimensional, discrete Poincaré map in the out-flux at a Poincaré section. We then prove that the fixed points of the Poincaré map correspond to stationary flow-rates on the two links. With Lyapunov’s first method, we demonstrate that the Poincaré map can be finite-time stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. When unstable, the map is found to have periodical points of period two, but no chaotic solutions. We further analyze the bifurcation in the stability of the Poincaré map caused by varying route choice proportions. We apply the Poincaré map approach to analyzing traffic patterns in more general (DM)ⁿ and beltway networks, which are sufficient and necessary structures for network-induced unstable traffic and gridlock, respectively. This study demonstrates that the Poincaré map approach can be efficiently applied to analyze traffic dynamics in any road networks with circular information propagation and provides new insights into unstable traffic dynamics caused by interactions among network bottlenecks.     

Japanese perspective of driver information systems

A perspective view of of Japanese R&D activities of Driver Information Systems is given from the standpoint of developing joint projects by public and private sectors. First, a brief history of the R&D activities is illustrated from above mentioned standpoint. Then, two major projects, AMTICS and RACS, and the social backgrounds of these projects are explained. In order to give a clear idea of both projects some technical details are treated.Based on the history and the present status of the developments, the basic design conceptions of Japanese Driver Information Systems are explained and several factors or reasons which have influenced to the design conception are discussed. Then, the promoting systems of the R&D activities are generally explained and present status of the projects and future problems in developing more advanced systems are also handled. A brief discussion on the establishment of international standard is also mentioned as a final comment.     

基于“企业课堂”模式的中职汽车专业实践教学改革探讨

随着新课改以及素质教育的持续深入,中职汽车专业的实践教学得到了越来越多的重视,相对于其他专业教学,汽车专业对学生自身的理论知识以及实践技能有着相对较高的需求,只有将实践与理论更好的结合在一起,才能够灵活应对教学过程中出现的各种问题,而基于企业课堂的教学模式,不仅为中职汽车专业的实践教学指明了道路,也为学生后续的学习发展奠定了坚实基础。因此,文章首先对现阶段社会对汽车专业人才的基本需求加以明确;其次,对中职汽车专业实践传统教学模式中存在的问题展开深入分析;在此基础上,提出基于企业课堂模式的中职汽车专业实践教学的改革措施。     

基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真

为了提高滑行能量回收经济性和踏板制动安全性、舒适性,基于交通信息,提出了电动汽车(EV)制动协调策略。分析了滑行制动的经济性,由交通信息和汽车行驶状态确定滑行制动强度;由道路信息和前方车辆信息建立汽车安全距离模型和碰撞预警策略,利用预警信息对滑行制动和踏板制动强度进行协调。对本策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:利用交通信息的滑行策略,在通行良好工况下综合能耗减少1.1%,拥堵工况下减轻驾驶员的制动疲劳;预警和协调策略避免了频繁预警,减小了紧急避撞触发几率。因此,利用交通信息能够辅助驾驶员进行更加合理的制动。     

IFC标准下隧道智能管理系统建立与应用

建筑信息模型(BIM)是一种有效的复杂工程信息综合管理方法,为了实现隧道类岩土工程信息在BIM模型中进行清晰、规范表达的目的,将IFC标准文件针对隧道领域进行相应拓展,实现了不同平台之间信息无损交互传递.通过参数化族建模方式创建隧道构件族库,采用坐标定位的形式拼装隧道工程模型,并将所建立的模型参照IFC拓展标准进行实体...     

基于互信息贝叶斯网络的交通事故严重程度分析

为掌握省际客运行业事故严重程度影响因素, 采用互信息及贝叶斯网络方法构建模型, 分析各因素变化与事故严重程度的定量互动关系。鉴于行业样本量较小及专家知识建模存在主观性, 采用改进离散算法挖掘数据, 提出结合互信息与交叉验证的先验网络构造方法。以上海市2005—2019年741起省际客运事故数据为例进行模型分析。结果表明: 对事故最敏感的影响因素为驾驶员性别、天气和车辆类型; 其中“女性驾驶员”“雪、大风、雾”“中型客车”对事故严重性的权重占比分别为13.5%, 8.8%和5.7%;此外, 驾驶员年龄对群死群伤事故贡献较小; 客车尺寸与安全性非单调关系; 00:00—05:00引发7人以上受伤的概率同比上升9%;季节、天气、时间因素与财产损失无直接关联。模型泛化能力优于对比模型, AUC均值为0.644 588, 命中率达到97.3%。