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101.
考虑一个马氏排队清空系统,将其看成一个在站台服务的容量无限的交通服务系统,顾客按照泊松过程到达系统后接受服务,而服务时间服从指数分布,假设交通工具容易出现故障,并且经过一个服从指数分布的延迟时间后,才能得到修理.在几乎可见情形下,顾客根据前面已进入系统的人数决定是否进入系统,结合一个线性支付函数,获得了顾客的均衡离开策略. 相似文献
102.
Over the past decades there has been a considerable development in the modeling of car-following (CF) behavior as a result of research undertaken by both traffic engineers and traffic psychologists. While traffic engineers seek to understand the behavior of a traffic stream, traffic psychologists seek to describe the human abilities and errors involved in the driving process. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these two research streams.It is necessary to consider human-factors in CF modeling for a more realistic representation of CF behavior in complex driving situations (for example, in traffic breakdowns, crash-prone situations, and adverse weather conditions) to improve traffic safety and to better understand widely-reported puzzling traffic flow phenomena, such as capacity drop, stop-and-go oscillations, and traffic hysteresis. While there are some excellent reviews of CF models available in the literature, none of these specifically focuses on the human factors in these models.This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the available literature with a specific focus on the latest advances in car-following models from both the engineering and human behavior points of view. In so doing, it analyses the benefits and limitations of various models and highlights future research needs in the area. 相似文献
103.
William H.K. Lam 《运输规划与技术》2013,36(4):245-258
This paper investigates the role of transport pricing in network design and describes two facts about flow pattern in a transportation system. The first, illustrated by an example of Braess paradox, is that adding a new link to the network does not necessarily minimize the total travel time. The second is that introducing of appropriate toll pricing may reduce not only the total network time but also the travel time for each individual traveller. It follows with the investigations of different system objectives and different pricing policies (only toll pricing and distance‐based pricing are considered), and shows how they affect the system performance and flow pattern. Lastly, a systematic optimization process is proposed for integrated planning of transport network and pricing policies. 相似文献
104.
基于路网子图空间的交通流平衡分析方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过定义路网子图空间,提出了基于路网子图空间的Wardrop平衡原理,建立了相应的交通流平衡分析模型,并通过实例阐释了偏态均衡路网交通流的形成机理与演化过程。研究表明:该模型能够很好地解释包括新路开通期的路网交通流、换乘子图空间路网交通流、收费道路偏好子图空间路网交通流等多种情形下由于网络结构被差异性地认知所形成的偏态均衡路网交通流现象,为多标准下交通流的平衡分析建立了新途径;该分析方法有助于道路网络结构设计与道路网络管理方案的优化。 相似文献
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An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their
physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics,
neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation
is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is
drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts
of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels. 相似文献
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