考虑超孔压随深度变化一维固结计算式的推导

对于含有深厚粘土的饱和地基,路基荷载引起的压缩层中的附加应力近似呈折线形衰减。为了进一步提高固结计算精度,以太沙基一维固结理论为基础,推导出了初始超孔压随深度变化为折线形的孔隙水压力计算式,并讨论了计算式的收敛速度,在保证精度的基础上适当进行一定的简化,得出了整个压缩层的平均固结度计算式。     

基于模糊方法的舰炮故障诊断

在舰炮武器系统的故障诊断中,由于系统的复杂性和直接监测的困难,应用故障机理分析方法判断征兆故障成因间的关系极为困难。介绍了应用模糊数学进行的故障诊断方法,充分利用故障统计数据和专家经验,根据隶属度与贴近度函数来判断征兆群与故障成因之间的关系,从而实现当输入系统征兆后计算机对系统状况的自动诊断。     

船用冷凝器的真空与凝水过冷度控制系统研究

为了对冷凝器的真空与凝水过冷度进行有效的控制,根据船用冷凝器的结构与工作原理,建立了冷凝器的简化集总参数模型,并设计了冷凝器的真空与凝水过冷度控制系统.运用Matlab/Simulink软件实现了冷凝器的控制系统仿真,并对降负荷工况进行了计算.结果表明,冷凝器的真空与凝水过冷度控制系统能及时地调节循环水的流量,以保证冷凝器的真空维持不变.同时,通过热力除氧来提高凝水温度,可以有效地将凝水过冷度控制在规定的范围内.这对于冷凝器的真空与凝水过冷度控制系统的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

Approximate network loading and dual-time-scale dynamic user equilibrium

In this paper we present a dual-time-scale formulation of dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with demand evolution. Our formulation belongs to the problem class that Pang and Stewart (2008) refer to as differential variational inequalities. It combines the within-day time scale for which route and departure time choices fluctuate in continuous time with the day-to-day time scale for which demand evolves in discrete time steps. Our formulation is consistent with the often told story that drivers adjust their travel demands at the end of every day based on their congestion experience during one or more previous days. We show that analysis of the within-day assignment model is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality. We also show there is a class of day-to-day demand growth models that allow the dual-time-scale formulation to be decomposed by time-stepping to yield a sequence of continuous time, single-day, dynamic user equilibrium problems. To solve the single-day DUE problems arising during time-stepping, it is necessary to repeatedly solve a dynamic network loading problem. We observe that the network loading phase of DUE computation generally constitutes a differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, and we show that the DAE system for network loading based on the link delay model (LDM) of Friesz et al. (1993) may be approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). That system of ODEs, as we demonstrate, may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods for such problems. To compute an actual dynamic user equilibrium, we introduce a continuous time fixed-point algorithm and prove its convergence for effective path delay operators that allow a limited type of nonmonotone path delay. We show that our DUE algorithm is compatible with network loading based on the LDM and the cell transmission model (CTM) due to Daganzo (1995). We provide a numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network.     

Schedule-based transit assignment model with vehicle capacity and seat availability

In this paper, we propose a new schedule-based equilibrium transit assignment model that differentiates the discomfort level experienced by sitting and standing passengers. The notion of seat allocation has not been considered explicitly and analytically in previous schedule-based frameworks. The model assumes that passengers use strategies when traveling from their origin to their destination. When loading a vehicle, standing on-board passengers continuing to the next station have priority to get available seats and waiting passengers are loaded on a First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) principle. The stimulus of a standing passenger to sit increases with his/her remaining journey length and time already spent on-board. When a vehicle is full, passengers unable to board must wait for the next vehicle to arrive. The equilibrium conditions can be stated as a variational inequality involving a vector-valued function of expected strategy costs. To find a solution, we adopt the method of successive averages (MSA) that generates strategies during each iteration by solving a dynamic program. Numerical results are also reported to show the effects of our model on the travel strategies and departure time choices of passengers.     

Modeling capacity flexibility of transportation networks

Flexibility of the transportation system is one of the important performance measures needed to deal with demand changes. In this paper, we provide a quantitative assessment of capacity flexibility for the passenger transportation network using bi-level network capacity models. Two approaches for assessing the value of capacity flexibility are proposed. One approach is based on the concept of reserve capacity, which reflects the flexibility with respect to changes in terms of demand volume only. The second approach allows for variations in the demand pattern in addition to changes in demand volume in order to more fully capture demand changes. Two models are developed in the second approach to consider two types of capacity flexibility. The total capacity flexibility allows all users to have both route choice and destination choice when estimating capacity flexibility. The limited capacity flexibility estimates how much more demand volume could be added to a fixed demand pattern by allowing the additional demand to deviate from the fixed demand pattern. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the different concepts of capacity flexibility for a passenger transportation system under demand changes.     

基于AHP-PCA的城市群公路网节点重要度分析

阐述公路网节点重要度的概念,提出运用层次分析法与主成分分析法的联合评价方法来确定节点重要度的新思路。并对长株潭"3+5"城市群的8个城市节点进行实证研究,综合分析结果,确定各节点在城市群公路网规划中的重要度。     

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在对区域交通一体化发展目标分解的基础上,从定性和定量两个角度建立了一套相对全面、适用可行的评价指标体系.考虑到目前区域交通一体化评价的相关统计数据不足,本文引入了模糊层次分析法确定评价指标权重,并考虑各分目标的不同重要程度提出了加权灰色欧几里德关联度评价模型,从而建立了基于FAHP赋权和加权灰色关联度定量评价的区域交通一体化组合评价方法.评价指标和方法的提出,弥补了现有研究的不足,实现了区域交通一体化的客观评价.实例分析表明,本文提出的组合评价方法相对于单一的评价方法更加科学严谨,具有较强的适用性和可操作性,为完善的区域交通一体化评价方法提供了理论参考.     

信息化环境下高等院校学生对网络的利用程度分析与探讨

网络技术和各种资源的发展与共享为各行各业提供了大量的可供查阅的信息,在这种大背景下,针对高等院校不同层次的学生对于通过网络获取专业知识的能力也有所不同。本文通过合理的设计调查方案,区分不同年龄段以及不同年级的学生对于网络的应用情况。考虑到本科教育是论文研究的重点,文中主要对本科阶段的调查结果进行了统计,通过对学生上网时间以及通过网络获取专业知识的情况进行分析,得出随着专业课程的逐步接触,学生使用网络充实专业的比例逐步增加。本文的研究成果可以为信息化环境下教师对专业课程的教学改革提供参考。