基于灰岩地质隧道高边坡压力分散性锚索应用研究

本文结合实际工程案例,通过理论推导、对比分析,探讨了压力分散型锚索在灰岩地质条件下锚固段应力、岩体蠕变和张拉方式对锚索的影响,并取得以下成果:(1)推导出压力分散型锚索的切应力和轴力公式,对锚索在特殊地质条件下的设计及应用提供参考;(2)考虑岩体的蠕变效应,并推导其本构方程;(3)利用不同荷载张拉后补偿张拉最后整体张拉的方式,有效改善了压力分散型锚索因锚固段长度不同导致应力集中产生破坏的问题,并与监测值进行对比分析,以验证张拉方式的正确性。     

Dynamic activity-travel assignment in multi-state supernetworks

The integration of activity-based modeling and dynamic traffic assignment for travel demand analysis has recently attracted ever-increasing attention. However, related studies have limitations either on the integration structure or the number of choice facets being captured. This paper proposes a formulation of dynamic activity-travel assignment (DATA) in the framework of multi-state supernetworks, in which any path through a personalized supernetwork represents a particular activity-travel pattern (ATP) at a high level of spatial and temporal detail. DATA is formulated as a discrete-time dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem, which is reformulated as an equivalent variational inequality (VI) problem. A generalized dynamic link disutility function is established with the accommodation of different characteristics of the links in the supernetworks. Flow constraints and non-uniqueness of equilibria are also investigated. In the proposed formulation, the choices of departure time, route, mode, activity sequence, activity and parking location are all unified into one time-dependent ATP choice. As a result, the interdependences among all these choice facets can be readily captured. A solution algorithm based on the route-swapping mechanism is adopted to find the user equilibrium. A numerical example with simulated scenarios is provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach.     

Stability of transportation networks under adaptive routing policies

Growing concerns regarding urban congestion, and the recent explosion of mobile devices able to provide real-time information to traffic users have motivated increasing reliance on real-time route guidance for the online management of traffic networks. However, while the theory of traffic equilibria is very well-known, fewer results exist on the stability of such equilibria, especially in the context of adaptive routing policy. In this work, we consider the problem of characterizing the stability properties of traffic equilibria in the context of online adaptive route choice induced by GPS-based decision making. We first extend the recent framework of “Markovian Traffic Equilibria” (MTE), in which users update their route choice at each intersection of the road network based on traffic conditions, to the case of non-equilibrium conditions, while preserving consistency with known existence and uniqueness results on MTE. We then exhibit sufficient conditions on the network topology and the latency functions for those MTEs to be stable in the sense of Lyapunov for a single destination problem. For various more restricted classes of network topologies motivated by the observed properties of travel patterns in the Singapore network, under certain assumptions we prove local exponential stability of the MTE, and derive analytical results on the sensitivity of the characteristic time of convergence to network and traffic parameters. The results proposed in this work are illustrated and validated on synthetic toy problems as well as on the Singapore road network with real demand and traffic data.     

Equilibrium analysis and route guidance in large-scale networks with MFD dynamics

Recent studies have demonstrated that Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD), which provides an aggregated model of urban traffic dynamics linking network production and density, offers a new generation of real-time traffic management strategies to improve the network performance. However, the effect of route choice behavior on MFD modeling in case of heterogeneous urban networks is still unexplored. The paper advances in this direction by firstly extending two MFD-based traffic models with different granularity of vehicle accumulation state and route choice behavior aggregation. This configuration enables us to address limited traffic state observability and to scrutinize implications of drivers’ route choice in MFD modeling. We consider a city that is partitioned in a small number of large-size regions (aggregated model) where each region consists of medium-size sub-regions (more detailed model) exhibiting a well-defined MFD. This paper proposes a route guidance advisory control system based on the aggregated model as a large-scale traffic management strategy that utilizes aggregated traffic states while sub-regional information is partially known. In addition, we investigate the effect of equilibrium conditions (i.e. user equilibrium and system optimum) on the overall network performance, in particular MFD functions.     

不确定条件下机场群系统均衡配流模型研究

为探索客流在机场群的分布规律，以整个航空出行链为视角，综合考虑空中交通、地面交通和旅客出行选择偏好，构建机场群系统均衡配流模型.以路径时间、机场停留时间、出行票价和旅客类型为主要参考属性，提出机场群系统旅客出行成本模型.由于路径时间与流量相关且存在不确定性，基于预算超出时间对路径时间的均值与方差进行统一度量.综合路径时间、出行票价、机场停留时间与旅客类型，基于Logit模型建立旅客对航空出行路径的选择模型，将机场群系统的客流均衡条件转换为变分不等式.基于投影收缩算法对变分不等式求解，从而得出客流在机场群间的均衡分布状态.算例结果表明，机场群系统均衡配流模型有效建立了客流分布状态，调整路径时间、机场服务水平、票价等因素均可促进客流在机场群间的均衡分布.     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

Learning marginal-cost pricing via a trial-and-error procedure with day-to-day flow dynamics

This paper investigates the convergence of the trial-and-error procedure to achieve the system optimum by incorporating the day-to-day evolution of traffic flows. The path flows are assumed to follow an ‘excess travel cost dynamics’ and evolve from disequilibrium states to the equilibrium day by day. This implies that the observed link flow pattern during the trial-and-error procedure is in disequilibrium. By making certain assumptions on the flow evolution dynamics, we prove that the trial-and-error procedure is capable of learning the system optimum link tolls without requiring explicit knowledge of the demand functions and flow evolution mechanism. A methodology is developed for updating the toll charges and choosing the inter-trial periods to ensure convergence of the iterative approach towards the system optimum. Numerical examples are given in support of the theoretical findings.     

无再分配局部平衡的相界平衡偏聚模型

本文提出用相界平衡偏聚来解释无再分配局部平衡(NP-LE)条件下,γ→a 转变过程中,γ/a 相界置换合金元素浓度峰的形成原因。在此基础上,用偏聚实现的动力学条件,计算了NP-LE 温区的下限温度,计算结果表明,NP-LE 温区的下限温度,与实测γ/a 相界Mn 浓度峰最强的温度相吻合,从而证实了本文所提出的相界平衡偏聚模型的合理性。     

日常路径选择行为的模拟研究

假设司机只能根据自己的历史经验做出判断，本文据此设计了日常路径选择行为中的四种路径更新规则。应用基于多智能体的模拟环境-SeSAm，在简单网络上对四种规则进行模拟，比较和分析了模拟结果。     

高氧液对家兔急性脑缺血损伤的治疗作用

目的　探索高氧液对兔急性全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　钳闭双侧颈总动脉并降压建立家兔全脑缺血模型,18只模型随机分3组:对照组(CG) 用平衡盐液再灌注,治疗组(TG) 用高氧液再灌注,均 20 mL/kg静注;预处理组(PG)实验前3 d,高氧液 20 mL/kg静注,每天 1 次。每组在缺血前、缺血 20 min和再灌注 45 min各抽取颈内动脉血测定动脉氧分压(PaO2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。72 h后处死动物,行海马 CA1 区组织病理学观察。结果　再灌注后TG组和PG组MDA含量与海马神经元坏死数量明显低于CG组,PaO2明显高于CG组。结论　高氧液对急性脑缺血有一定保护作用。