舰炮装定坐标法射击原理及误差研究

舰炮对岸火力支援过程中,由于地形遮蔽等因素的影响,有时无法对岸上目标进行射击观测和射击诸元计算。为解决对岸上不可观测目标射击难题,提出了舰炮装定坐标法射击原理,建立了目标相对坐标计算模型,分析了射击误差及变化规律,显著提高了舰炮对岸火力打击能力和火力使用的灵活性。     

偶极子源与力激励作用下截顶锥形壳振动与声辐射研究

螺旋桨噪声是舰船辐射噪声的主要组成部分,采用有限长截顶锥形壳模拟潜艇艉部,根据螺旋桨噪声产生机理,对比分析了集中力激励与偶极子源激励下锥形壳产生的辐射噪声,并讨论了激励作用位置对壳体振动与辐射噪声的影响。结论显示力激励作用引起的壳体的振动与声辐射要大于偶极子源作用下的情况;当激励施加在锥形壳体截面的中心位置时,壳体在低频时的振动与声辐射要小于激励施加在截面非对称位置处的情况。     

溢油漂移轨迹回推技术在海事调查中的应用

海上油污染事故调查是海事监管的重要职责。近年来,屡有不明来源油污事件发生,溢油时间不明,调查难度大。基于大气、水动力模型和溢油模型的溢油漂移轨迹回推技术能够实现对不明来源油污的回推溯源,通过回推结果指导海事调查的方向,缩小排查范围,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

航海英语教材中若干误译探析

航海英语翻译能力是衡量国际船员英语水平高低的一项重要指标,但部分教材中的翻译还存在不足之处。本文以一本培训教材为例,详细分析了教材中出现的误译,希望引起航海英语教师和专家重视,共同提高航海英语翻译质量。     

开挖过程中悬浮泥沙扩散输移的数值模拟

通过建立平面二维潮流和悬浮泥沙输移扩散的数学模型,模拟某挖泥工程中悬浮泥沙的扩散输移过程,并应用非结构网格的有限单元法进行离散求解.该模型结合工程实际,采用连续线源模拟挖泥过程中的增量悬沙,以揭示其在开挖过程中扩散输移的机理,为工程环境影响评价提供科学依据.     

地头沟隧道安全风险评估中的安全风险源辨识研究

针对某高速公路工程中的地头沟特长隧道进行安全风险评估中的安全风险源辨识研究,涉及建设条件安全、结构方案风险、施工技术风险及运营管理安全等方面,可作为类似工程借鉴参考的资料。     

数字化汽车标准信源技术及其在公路交通管理中的应用研究

数字化汽车标准信源体系的建立是解决我国公路交通管理难题的有效方式。以800/900MHz无源RFID技术可建立起数字化汽车标准信源体系平台,通过建立该平台,可形成不停车收费及路径识别的应用系统,该系统不但可以实现不停车收费及路径识别功能,还可以进行一系列的拓展应用,提高我国公路交通的管理水平。     

Does the income elasticity of road traffic depend on the source of income?

An extensive body of literature addresses the income elasticity of road traffic, in which income is typically treated as a homogenous quantity. Here we report evidence of heterogeneity in cross-sectional estimates of the elasticity of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) with respect to income, when household income is disaggregated on the basis of income source.The results are generally intuitive, and show that the cross-sectional income elasticity of road traffic is not homogeneous as is typically specified in transport planning models. We show that in a number of circumstances the cross-sectional elasticity with respect to aggregate household income is of the opposite sign in comparison to more refined estimates of elasticity disaggregated by income source. If further research confirms that the elasticities we report here are causal in nature, neglecting the elemental effects could result in misleading results affecting practical infrastructure-investment and policy decisions, particularly as the mix of income sources shifts (e.g. if, as society ages, pension income increases as a share of all income).These results are of interest to both researchers and forecasters of travel demand, as well as designers of future travel survey instruments; the latter group must decide how to generate data about respondents’ income. Current expert guidance is to collect a single estimate of aggregate income at the household level. Future travel survey design choices will bound the analyses that can be supported by the resulting survey data, and therefore methodological research to re-visit the trade-offs associated with such choices is warranted.     

Is equilibrium in transport pure Nash,mixed or Stochastic?

The classical theory of transport equilibrium is based on the Wardrop’s first principle that describes a Nash User Equilibrium (UE), where in no driver can unilaterally change routes to improve his/her travel times. A growing number of economic laboratory experiments aiming at testing Nash-Wardrop equilibrium have shown that the Pure Strategy Nash Equilibrium (PSNE) is not able to explain the observed strategic choices well. In addition even though Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium (MSNE) has been found to fit better the observed aggregate choices, it does not explain the variance in choices well. This study analyses choices made by users in three different experiments involving strategic interactions in endogenous congestion to evaluate equilibrium prediction. We compare the predictions of the PSNE, MSNE and Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). In SUE, the observed variations in choices are assumed to be due to perception errors. The study proposes a method to iteratively estimate SUE models on choice data with strategic interactions. Among the three sets of experimental data the SUE approach was found to accurately predict the average choices, as well as the variances in choices. The fact that the SUE model was found to accurately predict variances in choices, suggests its applicability for transport equilibrium models that attempt to evaluate reliability in transportation systems. This finding is fundamental in the effort to determining a behaviourally consistent paradigm to model equilibrium in transport networks. The study also finds that Fechner error which is the inverse of the scale parameter in the SUE model is affected by the group sizes and the complexity of the cost function. In fact, the larger group sizes and complexity of cost functions increased the variability in choices. Finally, from an experimental design standpoint we show that it is not possible to estimate a noise parameter associate to Fechner error in the case when the choices are equally probable.     

解析法预计平面贯通测量误差应用

在交通工程的隧道和矿山井下建设中，由于预计贯通平面测量误差的传统图解法存在缺陷，提出用误差椭圆和坐标变换2种解析法来预计贯通测量平面误差，并通过实例证明，这2种新方法过程简单，不仅可以提高平面贯通测量的精度，还可以节省时间，提高工作效率。