General statistics of diesel engines’ idle time: Shunting locomotives in industrial sidings in Poland 2009…2013

Shunting locomotive/switcher (AmE)/utilization profiles are analyzed in this paper, in particular on the basis of idle time data collected in nineteen Polish industrial sidings and yards. 40 years old, diesel-electric locomotives are observed during 1000 h. Idle times related to work cycles are analyzed statistically. The percentage of the shunting locomotive daily operating time that the engine is operating at idle amounts to 70% (from 55% to 90%), and average daily idle fuels consumption amounts to 150 l a day (from 90 to 240 l a day).Many European and Asian countries still operate a significant number of similar (ChME3, e.g. S200) old, diesel-electric locomotives (almost 8000 locomotives have been produced), for moving trains over long distances and as shunting locomotives.Observed frequent short idle time periods suggest necessity of widening future scope of idling times’ analysis. Adaptation of Polish rolling stock will be possible using prior general public education about dangerous carcinogens in diesel exhaust smoke and fuel waste related to diesel engines’ idling. Simple simultaneous depiction of diesel engine power time series together with idle time could be used for educational visualization of idling among a wider audience. In the future classical aggregated idle time statistics should be supplemented by models that are more related to the variability of shunting locomotives diesel generator’s power time series, e.g. distribution of frequent short individual idle time cases.     

船舶柴油机减排新形势与技术发展

重点介绍了近年来船舶排放法规的变化、船舶柴油机排放控制技术的发展趋势以及超低排放船舶柴油机研究的最新进展。     

排气消声器声学性能计算

为了考查三维波对消声器声学性能的影响,分别使用一维和三维方法计算消声器的传递损失,并同现有的实验结果进行比较。结果表明,一维理论只适用于截止频率以下的低频计算,而三维有限元法能准确计算任意频率下消声器的声学性能。     

汽车尾气污染防治的技术与对策

对于汽车尾气污染防治的技术与对策问题,从法规的建立、汽车发动机自身技术的改进以及机外处理技术三个方面进行论述,并介绍当前汽油和柴油车尾气处理的新技术,将有利于汽车尾气排放达到新的水平。     

车用尾气催化净化技术综述

内燃机经过多年的发展仍然是汽车和工程机械的主要动力源,有害污染物的排放是其面临的主要问题之一。对于车用内燃机,尾气后处理催化转化技术的应用已经成为各大汽车生产厂家满足各国严格排放标准的主流技术方案。本文在车用尾气催化转化的基本原理的基础上,分析了氧化催化技术和还原催化技术应用现状及前景,并提出未来催化转化技术发展方向。     

Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of a triple-fuel spark-ignition engine powered passenger car

This paper examines the influence of compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline fuel on the exhaust emissions and the fuel consumption of a spark-ignition engine powered passenger car. The vehicle was driven according to the urban driving cycle and extra urban driving cycle speed profiles with the warmed-up engine. Cause and effect based analysis reveals potential for using different fuels to reduce vehicle emission and deficiencies associated with particular fuels. The highest tank to wheel efficiency and the lowest CO₂ emission are observed with the natural gas fuelled vehicle, that also featured the highest total hydrocarbon emissions and high NO_x emissions because of fast three way catalytic converter aging due the use of the compressed natural gas. Retrofitted liquefied petroleum gas fuel supply systems feature the greatest air-fuel ratio variations that result in the lowest TtW efficiency and in the highest NO_x emissions of the liquefied gas fuelled vehicle.     

汽油机瞬态排放CO的符号时间序列统计量分析

介绍了符号时间序列分析中的直方图、Shannon熵和高阶矩等,结合排放的体积百分数,对TOYOTA2500汽油机瞬态排放中的CO进行了分析。在节气门匀速变化和匀加速变化时,比较不同速度时的瞬态排放质量。     

船用柴油机排气门热固耦合分析及试验

针对在柴油机运转工况下排气门处于高温腐蚀环境,较易发生断裂、弯曲、烧蚀等现象,采用An-sys软件对耐高温合金材料排气门进行温度场数值模拟.采用某型船用柴油机的额定工况,结合试验所得耐高温合金材料不同温度下的物性参数分析排气门的等效热边界载荷对气阀的影响,结果表明仿真温度场与失效气阀试件的特征相符合,气阀盘底中心为第一...     

全回转港作拖轮主机(日本大发6DL-28柴油机)排气及冷却水温度异常故障排除

针对烟台港某全回转港作拖轮其中一台主机(日本DAIHATSU 6DL-28)在全负荷运行中出现的个别气缸排气温度和冷却水温度过高的现象进行分析,并提出了解决方法,供以借鉴。     

特种发动机排气放空消声器设计及性能分析

分析了某特种发动机的排气噪声特性,指出其频谱形状是以低频和高频为主的马鞍形,提出有效的解决措施是安装排气放空消声器。综合运用节流降压、扩张室膨胀、导流、吸声和小孔喷注排气的原理,为该特种发动机设计了一个排气放空消声器。计算结果表明:该消声器能显著地降低发动机排气口的气流速度和空气动力性噪声,在宽频段内具有良好的消声性能。