油田埋地管道防腐层破损点检测及影响因素

简要阐述了埋地管道防腐层破损点的检测原理,并通过现场检测实例,总结出了影响防腐层破损点检测的几个主要因素,同时提供了解决方法,以提高防腐层破损点的检测准确率.     

浅议水毁防治措施选择

公路水毁灾害在我国西部地区频繁发生,然而,防护措施的选择却多凭经验办事。因此,文章在国内外现有研究成果的基础上,通过对西部地区的实地调研,全面分析水毁形态与成因机理,阐述了不同公路水毁防治措施的防护机理,结合水毁防护措施自身的强度和经济性,提出了各种水毁防护措施的适用条件。这对我国公路水毁预防和治理具有一定理论与实践意义。     

沥青路面水损坏原因及预防措施

通过对沥青路面的建设和养护实践,对沥青路面水损坏的形式和原因进行调查分析,并提出预防水损坏的具体措施。     

黄土地区公路暗穴顶板临界厚度的确定方法

针对西部黄土地区暗穴的发育会对公路路基、桥涵、公路隧道、路堑与路堤边坡及边坡支挡工程等的稳定性造成严重威胁的问题,在野外调查的基础上,对暗穴的分布规律、发育形态、破坏机制等进行了归纳与研究,提炼出几种破坏模式,结合黄土地区的土质特点,考虑了节理对黄土暗穴的影响,采用结构力学等方法,提出了一些确定顶板临界厚度的方法,并进行了对比讨论。通过对路基暗穴的安全厚度的正确估算,为研究公路暗穴有效防治措施提供了可靠的依据。     

共同配送实施分形管理的策略研究

传统的以配送企业为基本单元,以层递方式进行决策管理的共同配送模式难以适应个性化、快捷化的市场要求。从分析企业分形管理的实质入手,剖析了企业分形元的结构及其活动空间,对分形元进行划分,明确了分形元的运作模式和交流机制。并基于共同配送的内涵,阐明共同配送合作机构的层次性、自相似的结构特点,最后提出共同配送实施分形管理的策略。     

沥青混合料水稳定性评价方法研究

马歇尔试件成型时采用不同击实次数,使试件空隙率控制在5 %～6 %这一抗水损害最不利状态下,并分别进行了浸水马歇尔试验、真空饱水马歇尔试验和冻融劈裂试验.研究表明,浸水马歇尔试验和真空饱水马歇尔试验无法模拟实际路面上空隙水受行车荷载作用对沥青膜的挤压破坏作用,不能准确地评价沥青混合料的水稳定性.而真空饱水率与冻融劈裂强度比之间存在良好的相关性,在饱水率为1.5 %～2.0 %时进行冻融劈裂试验可以较好的模拟沥青路面空隙水的存在状态和受力情况.因此,采用合理饱水率范围内冻融劈裂强度比来评价沥青混合料的水稳定性将更加可靠.     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

三轴剪切试验中孔隙水压力的特性探讨

介绍孔隙水压力在三轴试验中的变化和影响孔隙水压力的众多因素,以及三轴试验成果的重要性。     

采用“预压硬质塑料板槽”设置水泥混凝土路面缩缝的探讨

在水泥混凝土路面施工中，采用压板法和切割法设置横向缩缝，常出现断板、板角破坏和啃边现象。对缩缝板材料的更新改造及施工工艺的选定，可较好地解决上述问题，从而提高了水泥混凝土路面的质量，降低了施工和养护成本，促进了水泥混凝土路面在高等级公路上更加广泛地应用和发展。     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.