基于ADVISOR的动力耦合系统参数匹配及仿真

混合动力汽车的动力耦合系统结构和参数匹配影响整车性能,通过对动力耦合系统的结构选择、参数匹配和控制策略的研究,以传统汽车的差速器作为动力耦合器并建立模型,并对此模型进行参数匹配,通过使用ADVISOR软件中修改控制策略模块,并将修改后的Simulink模型嵌入ADVISOR软件中进行仿真,验证选择方案对于改善汽车动力性和燃油经济性的有效性。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand,station congestion,and network equilibrium

Battery-only electric vehicles (BEVs) generally offer better air quality through lowered emissions, along with energy savings and security. The issue of long-duration battery charging makes charging-station placement and design key for BEV adoption rates. This work uses genetic algorithms to identify profit-maximizing station placement and design details, with applications that reflect the costs of installing, operating, and maintaining service equipment, including land acquisition. Fast electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) are placed across a congested city's network subject to stochastic demand for charging under a user-equilibrium traffic assignment. BEV users’ station choices consider endogenously determined travel times and on-site charging queues. The model allows for congested-travel and congested-station feedback into travelers’ route choices under elastic demand and BEV owners’ station choices, as well as charging price elasticity for BEV charging users.Boston-network results suggest that EVCSs should locate mostly along major highways, which may be a common finding for other metro settings. If 10% of current EV owners seek to charge en route, a user fee of $6 for a 30-min charging session is not enough for station profitability under a 5-year time horizon in this region. However, $10 per BEV charging delivers a 5-year profit of $0.82 million, and 11 cords across 3 stations are enough to accommodate a near-term charging demand in this Boston-area application. Shorter charging sessions, higher fees, and/or allowing for more cords per site also increase profits generally, everything else constant. Power-grid and station upgrades should keep pace with demand, to maximize profits over time, and avoid on-site congestion.     

基于贝叶斯概率估计的智能电动车动态目标避障算法

为了实现智能电动车在中汽中心智能网联示范基地内的动态避障,首先将直角坐标系与曲线坐标系进行转换,构建以参考路径的弧长s为横坐标,横向偏移距离q为纵坐标的曲线坐标系;其次,在曲线坐标系中利用三次多项式生成满足初始位姿与子目标点位姿的候选路径,同时对标准化常量的似然函数进行定义,在此基础上利用贝叶斯定理对每条候选路径的危险等级进行概率估计;在动态避障过程中,借鉴速度障碍法对碰撞威胁进行实时检测,并建立最短避障时间和安全距离的数学模型来实现高效的动态避障,最后对行人占用车道行走与横穿马路2种典型场景进行动态避障试验。研究结果表明：在曲线坐标系中,通过横向偏移距离能够便捷地建立起一系列候选路径,克服在直角坐标系中寻找移动子目标点这个难题;在寻找安全路径方面,由于智能电动车工作环境的不确定性,利用贝叶斯定理对候选路径危险等级进行概率计算的方法可靠性更高,速度障碍法与避障数学模型的结合满足碰撞危险检测的实时性和动态避障的高效性要求。试验结果表明：采用曲线坐标系中的动态避障算法对行人占用车道和横穿马路2种场景进行了有效的避障,在路径选择上符合实际驾驶习惯,达到了智能网联示范基地动态避障的要求。     

泡沫轻质土在路桥衔接处路基处理中的应用

泡沫轻质土作为近年来常用的一种新型材料,具有轻质性、整体性、抗压性、耐久性、环保性等良好的工程特性。与传统填料相比,泡沫轻质土的抗压及高强特性,对工后沉降的控制更具优势。特别当采用泡沫轻质土对路桥衔接段路基进行处理时,可大幅降低填土荷重,减少工后沉降及影响深度。现结合工程实例,详细阐述了泡沫轻质土在路桥衔接处路基处理中,采用的主要设计技术指标、设计要点及施工要点,为该材料在工程领域推广应用提供参考。     

地铁隧道上方EPS轻质泡沫块桥坡填筑施工技术

EPS块即聚苯乙烯泡沫块,是一种轻质路基填料,具有超轻性、自立性、耐水性、施工简便等特点;同时EPS块可有效减轻路堤荷载,减少桥头路堤沉降,避免桥头跳车的发生。结合杨高路民生路跨线桥的桥坡填筑,对EPS轻质泡沫块的施工技术进行介绍和分析,并提出相应的技术措施。     

浅谈市政工程中小桥设计问题

随着我国城市化建设的快速发展,越来越多的城市高架桥梁、轨道交通、下穿隧道等市政交通项目应运而生,而这些新增交通项目与现状地面道路、河道以及市政管线等构筑物的空间冲突,导致城市中小桥梁建设的形式也越来越丰富。如何合理地解决市政工程中小桥设计中遇到的问题,结合工程设计实例提了几点相应的解决思路。从造价、经济、使用管养安全等角度,确定合适的管线过桥组合方案;对于处于平面交叉口处的变宽桥梁,应综合考虑美观、经济、实施简单等方面确定最合理的设计方案;与地下工程有关联的市政工程中小桥需沟通多部门,进行多方面的充分论证。     

桥墩拼装工法用新型预应力锚固体系的开发与应用

当前我国桥墩预制拼装工法应用越来越多,通过分析桥墩预制拼装工法中各种常用竖向预应力锚固体系的优缺点,提出了一种新型的、具有自锁功能的竖向预应力锚固体系。主要从该预应力锚固体系的研究背景、结构设计、试验研究、施工工艺研究和工程应用等方面进行阐述。研究和应用表明该新型预应力锚固体系锚固性能可靠、施工工艺简单、质量易保证、成本较低,能很好满足预制构件竖向拼装的需要,值得在工程中推广应用。     

浅析高速公路机电系统的防雷保护

通过对高速公路机电系统雷害进行分析,提出了高速公路机电系统的防雷原则和具体措施,强调了系统性防雷的重要性。