基于客流导向的长大市域轨道交通组织优化方法研究

以北京市轨道交通平谷线为依托,基于线路功能定位和客流需求,对车辆选型、运营交路方案进行探索性创新研究。提出一种行车组织优化模型及求解算法,并以运力运量、工程投资、客流-车流匹配率等关键性指标为比选目标,确定该市域快线的最佳行车组织方案,以期为类似市域快线行车组织方案的合理选择提供理论支撑。     

Equilibrium analysis and route guidance in large-scale networks with MFD dynamics

Recent studies have demonstrated that Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD), which provides an aggregated model of urban traffic dynamics linking network production and density, offers a new generation of real-time traffic management strategies to improve the network performance. However, the effect of route choice behavior on MFD modeling in case of heterogeneous urban networks is still unexplored. The paper advances in this direction by firstly extending two MFD-based traffic models with different granularity of vehicle accumulation state and route choice behavior aggregation. This configuration enables us to address limited traffic state observability and to scrutinize implications of drivers’ route choice in MFD modeling. We consider a city that is partitioned in a small number of large-size regions (aggregated model) where each region consists of medium-size sub-regions (more detailed model) exhibiting a well-defined MFD. This paper proposes a route guidance advisory control system based on the aggregated model as a large-scale traffic management strategy that utilizes aggregated traffic states while sub-regional information is partially known. In addition, we investigate the effect of equilibrium conditions (i.e. user equilibrium and system optimum) on the overall network performance, in particular MFD functions.     

出口贸易大国转向出口贸易强国的战略性思考

本文主要阐述了我国对外贸易在由出口贸易大国转变为出口贸易强国的过程中,所应进行的调整出口贸易结构方面的战略思考.文中分析了我国对外贸易在国际贸易中的地位、出口商品结构存在的问题,探究了调整出口贸易结构的内容及调整方向.     

磁浮列车悬浮导向方案研究

本文介绍了磁浮列车的基本原理、优越性及国内外研究状况，在对两种典型的常导悬浮与导向方案进行分析的基础上，着重比较了它们的一些重要性指标，以及实心导轨由于电磁铁运动产生涡流所引起的电磁阻力的分析与计算，最后选定方案。     

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交通流诱导系统的应用，使得传统的路网系统随机用户平衡发生了变化。本文把交通流诱导系统的效益费用和交通流诱导条件下的随机用户平衡结合起来，以交通流诱导效果和建设费用问题之间的相互关系为基础，寻找交通流诱导系统建设和随机网络平衡的综合优化方案。文章采用双层规划模型描述了系统最优和交通流诱导条件下的随机用户平衡之间的相互作用，并给出了灵敏度分析算法。     

延误条件下地铁车站客流的引导需求分析及信息服务对策

在高客流负荷和网络化运营条件下,列车延误会导致短时段内车站滞留客流激增,为防范拥塞导致的安全风险,地铁车站会启动预案及时引导客流。从乘客感知角度出发,调查并分析列车延误条件下乘客的出行计划改变意愿、信息需求偏好,研究表明,在不同程度的列车延误情景下,乘客出行计划改变及决策所需的信息需求存在显著差异。对站内客流引导服务现状进行调查,结果表明,乘客对于人工引导的依赖性最高,现有信息化引导措施与乘客的期望尚存差距。在此基础上,提出延误客流信息服务综合提升对策,以提升延误条件下乘客信息服务满意水平。     

对城市轨道交通既有线技术改造的思考

从建立改造评价体系、加强改造工程技术风险研究、改造工程对新线建设的启示3个方面,对城市轨道交通既有线技术改造进行阐述,提出既有线改造技术的发展方向.改造评价体系主要包括前期规划、风险控制、改造指标考核,改造方案要有系统性、完整性,并做好工程筹划.改造工程对新线建设的启示有:提高隧道联络通道的设置密度,在墙、板、梁等部位适当预留孔洞,为未来新增管线创造条件;合理控制车站规模;适当考虑设计标准的前瞻性;车站设计为端头厅有利于节能.     

A self-regulation traffic-condition-based route guidance strategy with realistic considerations: Overlapping routes,stochastic traffic,and signalized intersections

Variable message signs that provide various types of route guidance information have been widely deployed in large cities. To release proper information only using easily collected data, a simple traffic-condition-based (TCB) route guidance strategy was recently proposed. The strategy works based on the estimation of free-flow and congested traffic conditions and is capable of approximating user optimal equilibrium stably. Due to little consideration of the complexity of urban road networks, the TCB strategy is still away from field applications in urban areas. To further push the strategy toward field tests, this article improves the TCB strategy in the following aspects: supplementing the strategy with a self-regulation ability by considering existing traffic conditions; decomposing link capacity to solve the problem of overlapping routes by comparing link capacity on alternative routes; coping with stochastic traffic; and the impact of signalized intersections by utilizing aggregated data. A scenario for an urban road network in Beijing, China, is simulated to test the improved strategy, and the simulation results clearly indicate the effectiveness of the proposed improvements. The improvements extend the TCB strategy on moderately complicated urban road networks, and still have the advantages of simple diversion rules, easily obtained input data, and stable and effective diversion processes.     

停车诱导信息板泊位状况显示优化模型

在考虑停车诱导率的基础上,综合考虑停车诱导信息板在路网中所处位置、道路交通状况和停车泊位的变化趋势等影响因素,以进入诱导区域内所有停放车辆到达停车场的车公里数(vehicle kilometers of travel,VKT)最小为目标,建立了停车诱导信息板泊位状况显示优化模型。该模型可以确定某一显示时间间隔内,诱导区域内所有停车诱导信息板泊位状况显示结果的最优组合。算例分析表明,该模型是可行的,且随着停车诱导率的增加,VKT随之下降,诱导效果随之提高。     

交通控制与诱导集成的关键问题评述

分析了交通控制和交通诱导的相互影响与相互作用。综述了交通控制系统和交通诱导系统集成的研究现状,重点对交通控制和交通诱导集成的6个关键问题进行了讨论分析。提出应用演化博弈论、有限理性和人工情感等研究探讨驾驶员对交通诱导信息的反应机理和先由交通诱导系统将交通流诱导到合适的路网上然后由交通控制系统来适应这些交通流的思想建立集成模型。提出应用人工交通系统与平行系统的思想来研究交通控制和交通诱导的集成实施问题,通过人工交通系统的"计算试验"对交通控制方案和诱导方案进行试验和评估,期望为交通控制和交通诱导二者的集成提供新的思路和方法。