论市场环境下高速公路工程项目管理的实施

以市场环境下高速公路工程项目管理为研究对象,分析了高速公路质量管理的措施,以期为提升我国高速公路建设水平提供理论层面的参考。     

高速公路软基处理优化设计

以我国某地区的高速公路为例,简要说明该地区的不良地质情况,同时详细分析高速公路软基处理的优化设计标准和施工作业要求,以达到经济效益和社会效益的最大化,并为高速公路建设提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

L型布置内河框架直立式码头结构模态分析*

以重庆某平面布置为“L型”的内河框架直立式码头为依托,采用MIDAS建立空间刚架模型并进行模态分析,提取关键模态分析结构的振型特点.初步探讨其动力特性,为结构设计、振动故障诊断以及结构动态特性的优化设计提供依据.     

基于集对变权特大桥危险品运输安全评价研究

对特大桥危险品运输进行安全评价可有效防止和减少事故的发生.以集对论和变权理论为基础,对长三角区域特大型桥梁进行不良气候条件和紧急事件影响下的危险品运输安全分析,提出影响运输安全的关键因素,运用集对论对各因素进行同一性、差异性和对立性分析,并将集对论与指标权重的惩罚-激励相结合,建立特大桥危险品运输集对变权评价模型,以关联度最大为准则来判定运输安全程度.实例计算表明:评价方法实际有效,可为桥梁运营方提供直接应用和参考.     

浙江LNG码头总平面布置试验研究

浙江LNG码头是我国目前最大的LNG码头之一,所处环境相对复杂,在项目设计过程中,为确定合理的码头总 平面布置方案、保证船舶安全系靠泊,采用了物理模型试验的方法,对3个不同的平面布置方案进行了比较,通过试验得出 不同方案下的船舶运动量及系缆力等参数,通过分析试验结果最终明确了合理的总平面布置方案。     

Part 2. Beyond single-outcome models: Decompositions of aggregate and disaggregate road safety risk

The second part of the state-of-the-art focuses on the development of the founders' double streams explaining single-outcome indicators (probability of accidents and fatalities, respectively) by fixed form regression, as outlined in the Part 1. Following Page (1997, pp. 67–122, 2001) and others, we use as turning point of the evolution of both aggregate and discrete approaches the DRAG-1 model of 1984, itself based on aggregate data, which introduced four key innovations in principle applicable to both streams.     

Shipping inspections,detentions, and incidents: an empirical analysis of risk dimensions

ABSTRACT

Inspections play a key role in keeping vessels safe. Inspection authorities employ different policies to decide which vessels to inspect, including type of vessel, age, and flag. Attention for vessel history is usually restricted only to past detentions. This paper demonstrates that the correlation between the probabilities of detention and (very serious and serious) incidents is very low and that proactive prevention of future incidents is improved by accounting for both risk dimensions, that is, by combining past incident and detention information for targeting high-risk vessels for inspection. Five combined methods are presented to classify vessels based on these two risk dimensions, each of which involves extensive sets of factors. These combined classification methods have predictive power for future incidents. Depending on the applied inspection rate, incorporation of incident risk improves inspection hit rates for vessels with future incidents by 30–50% compared to using only detention information. It is recommended to focus on vessels where both risks are relatively high. A practical example shows how the methods can be applied for inspection selection and for prioritizing inspection areas defined in terms of eight risk domains that include collisions, groundings, engine and hull failures, loss of life, fire, and pollution.     

Shipboard safety: exploring organizational and regulatory factors

ABSTRACT

How vessel crews perceive safety on board (shipboard safety) is a useful indication for the general safety level. In this study a theoretical model was explored, involving factors that could possibly influence shipboard safety. Based on a survey questionnaire (n = 244), safety climate, shipowner efficiency demands and regulatory activities were investigated as influencing factors. Structural equation modelling gave support to the theoretical model and the findings illustrate that simultaneous involvement of various levels of the maritime system (crews, shipowners, regulators) can be effective for safety improvements. The study indicates that shipboard safety is affected by actions and prioritization by external actors through safety climate. It suggests that the maritime industry will profit from monitoring safety climate as part of the ongoing risk considerations, as a supplement to reactive parameters such as accident statistics.     

A fuzzy failure mode and effects approach to analyse concentrated inspection campaigns on board ships

ABSTRACT

Maritime actions against substandard operations of ships are a great deal of memorandum of understanding (MoUs) under regional basis agreements among port state control (PSC) organisations. Herein, concentrated inspection campaigns (CIC), performed by the different members of MoUs in certain periods, are a monitoring strategy to effectively control the core operational matters encountered in fire-safety systems, propulsion and auxiliary machinery system, lifesaving appliances, working conditions on board ships, etc. This paper proposes a quantified maritime safety analysis based on fuzzy failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to evaluate CIC database of MoUs in order to achieve advance creative solutions. Demonstration studies are performed on the special database on fire-safety system deficiencies. Since the fuzzy FMEA outcomes point out the risk prioritisation numbers and relevant control options, the paper attempts to transform CIC feedback into useful information in terms of enhancing the ship PSC inspection concept (e-PSC inspection). The paper theoretically contributes to safety analysis methods in literature while demonstration of e-PSC inspections offers an insight into maritime industry in safety improvement.     

基于熵权-TOPSIS-灰色关联的航道宽度设计结果评价*

通过对国内外3种不同的航道宽度设计规范进行分析对比,从通航安全和效率的角度建立综合评价指标,旨在 对不同的航道宽度设计结果进行排序,为航道宽度的合理设计提供借鉴。建立熵权-TOPSIS-灰色关联度综合评价模型,采 用熵权法获取各指标的客观性权重,分别获取备选方案与正理想解和负理想解的正、负灰色关联度,综合得出各方案的灰 色关联相对贴近度,从而进行方案排序与优选。并假定评价环境,对3种不同的设计规范进行了实例分析与评价,从安全、 效益和综合水平上给出了各规范在假定环境下的设计效果排序情况。评价结果基本符合实际情况,可以对航道宽度设计规 范的进一步研究与发展提供一定的基础。