Unravelling effects of cooperative adaptive cruise control deactivation on traffic flow characteristics at merging bottlenecks

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems have the potential to increase roadway capacity and mitigate traffic congestion thanks to the short following distance enabled by inter-vehicle communication. However, due to limitations in acceleration and deceleration capabilities of CACC systems, deactivation and switch to ACC or human-driven mode will take place when conditions are outside the operational design domain. Given the lack of elaborate models on this interaction, existing CACC traffic flow models have not yet been able to reproduce realistic CACC vehicle behaviour and pay little attention to the influence of system deactivation on traffic flow at bottlenecks. This study aims to gain insights into the influence of CACC on highway operations at merging bottlenecks by using a realistic CACC model that captures driver-system interactions and string length limits. We conduct systematic traffic simulations for various CACC market penetration rates (MPR) to derive free-flow capacity and queue discharge rate of the merging section and compare these to the capacity of a homogeneous pipeline section. The results show that an increased CACC MPR can indeed increase the roadway capacity. However, the resulting capacity in the merging bottleneck is much lower than the pipeline capacity and capacity drop persists in bottleneck scenarios at all CACC MPR levels. It is also found that CACC increases flow heterogeneity due to the switch among different operation modes. A microscopic investigation of the CACC operational mode and trajectories reveals a close relation between CACC deactivation, traffic congestion and flow heterogeneity.     

单芯电缆电压降计算及其排列方式优化

将仿真技术应用于电缆电压降计算,通过几何分析,筛选出典型的电缆布置方案,并通过估算和简化,建立低压电缆计算模型,完成电压降计算,获得优化布置方案。通过试验验证,电压计算误差小于5%,使用优化的电缆布置方案可将电缆电压降减少一半,并大幅降低三相电压不平衡度。     

滚装甩挂运输空重集装箱调度研究

为了平衡陆海联运过程中空重集装箱的运力,降低物流成本,提高多式联运的效率,分析了滚装甩挂运输模式下的空载与重载集装箱调度问题,以牵引车总行驶成本最小化为目标构建了混合整数规划模型。运用Matlab软件生成一系列随机算例,以节约算法结合邻域搜索为基础,设计两阶段启发式算法对随机算例进行求解,其结果符合物流实践,证明了模型和两阶段启发式算法的准确性和有效性,同时表明邻域搜索算法对节约算法求得的初始解有较好的再优化效果。     

组合开关中灯控开关的失效原因及解决方案

汽车组合开关的灯控开关部分由于负载电流比较大，因此成为产品品质的关键部分。本文主要针对汽车组合开关中灯控开关出现的产品品质问题进行原因分析，提出解决方案及实施。     

浅析施工企业效益下滑的原因及对策

随着国家建筑市场的放开,有更多的建筑企业参加市场竞争,摆在施工企业面前的突出问题是效益下滑,通过对施工企业效益下滑的原因深入进行剖析,提出了相应的解决对策,可以为施工企业管理提供借鉴。     

海杂波抑制电路的研究及分析

论述邻近单元平均恒虚警处理方法,指出其存在自禁现象的缺点,提出改进方法,消除了自禁现象。采用GAL和大规模存储器使电路简单实用。     

Quantification of motorway capacity variation: influence of day type specific variation and capacity drop

Many road authorities work with static values for road capacities, while it has been proven that capacity is not a fixed quantity. At the same time, there is an increasing need for accurate stochastic input for traffic models, such as the variation in road capacity. In this paper, a methodological framework with a conceptual model for practical stochastic capacity estimation is presented, and a quantification of motorway capacity variation is given for the influence of day‐type specific variations in capacity values. The results of the analysis show that there is a reduction in motorway breakdown capacity of 4% on weekend days in comparison with workdays. Furthermore, a capacity decrease of 8% was found for the discharge capacity in comparison with workdays. The analysis further shows that the breakdown capacity on holidays is not significantly lower than on workdays. Discharge capacity and capacity drops are also derived in each case. The results show that the capacity is significantly different depending on the type of day. A quantification of these differences is given in the form of a Weibull capacity estimation fit for each type‐of‐day scenario. Further consideration of the implications and applications of the framework is also given. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某中型校车顶部强度分析与结构改进

依照相关标准和法规,对某型校车车身顶部强度进行静态压溃、准静态压溃和整车跌落的仿真研究,系统评价校车车顶结构的抗压强度特性,并对关键承载结构进行改进。     

舰船400Hz电力系统电缆研究

针对交流400 Hz电力系统逐渐在舰船上设计应用的现状,通过理论计算详细介绍了400 Hz电力系统对配套电力电缆的交流电阻、电抗、阻抗等电气参数的影响,以及由此引起的对电网电压降的影响。从电缆结构设计、材料和敷设使用方面给出了400 Hz系统电缆选择需要考虑的因素。     

假道岔在增建铁路复线施工中的应用

增建铁路复线施工过程中,区间线路平面常会出现绕行地段,在这些地段中新建线与既有线间往往会出现交叉和换边,给施工带来诸多不便,尤其给此地段新建线运架T梁施工和新建线开通前大机整养施工造成极大困难,同时也给铁路运输生产带来很大的干扰.工程实践中,在绕行地段设置假道岔（即利用标准轨、木岔枕及配件,通过局部拆铺钢轨的方法,形成便于快速拨接、开通不同线路进路的轨道结构）,利用封锁点反复拨接线路,满足架桥机、大机等工程列车通行条件,配合运架T梁施工和大机整养施工,是一种切实可行、安全高效的施工方法.这一施工方法必将在增建铁路复线施工中得到广泛应用.结合工程实例,对假道岔的应用技术进行全面阐述,希望对今后类似工程施工起到启发和借鉴作用.