沥青路面常见的病害及其预防措施

介绍沥青路面中常见的一些病害,重点阐述沥青路面出现裂缝的原因,并提出相应的预防措施,可供沥青路面设计和施工人员参考。     

框架结构钢筋混凝土面板裂缝分析与防治

对重庆果园港区码头现浇钢筋混凝土面板裂缝进行理论分析，找出产生裂缝的原因，并针对性地采取措施。这些措施包括：提高混凝土本身抗拉强度；采用混凝土后浇带方式在施工期间解除束缚面板混凝土的约束；通过对混凝土原材料、配合比的优化和采取施工措施来减少混凝土的自生收缩、塑性收缩、干缩及温度变化和内外温差引起的收缩，从而大大降低混凝土的收缩应力。     

高疲劳抗力钢桥面板的疲劳问题Ⅰ：模型试验

正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳开裂问题是制约桥梁工程可持续发展的关键难题，亟需发展具有高疲劳抗力的正交异性钢桥面板。同时引入纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节和纵肋与横隔板新型交叉构造细节2类构造细节，提出了一种高疲劳抗力钢桥面板，设计了2个足尺节段模型，通过模型试验确定了纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节和新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳开裂模式和疲劳性能，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）确定了单面焊构造细节焊根和双面焊构造细节焊趾的初始微裂纹尺度；研究了纵肋与横隔板传统交叉构造细节和新型交叉构造细节的疲劳开裂模式。研究结果表明：纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于顶板焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展，其疲劳强度为98.7 MPa，新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于顶板内侧焊趾并沿顶板厚度方向扩展，其疲劳强度为123.2 MPa；传统单面焊构造细节焊根的初始微裂纹尺度显著大于新型双面焊构造细节焊趾的初始微裂纹尺度，初始微裂纹尺度的差异是2种开裂模式的疲劳抗力存在显著差异的主要原因；纵肋与横隔板传统交叉构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于纵肋腹板焊缝端部焊趾并沿纵肋腹板扩展，新型交叉构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于纵肋底板焊缝端部焊趾并沿纵肋底板扩展，2类构造细节的起裂次数基本一致，但新型交叉构造细节的疲劳裂纹扩展速率远低于传统构造细节；相同加载条件下，高疲劳抗力钢桥面板结构体系的疲劳寿命显著优于传统钢桥面板结构体系。     

东南沿海地区全季节预制箱梁混凝土配合比设计

针对70 m预制箱梁混凝土早期抗压强度及耐久性的需求，通过调整胶凝材料的用量以及掺合料的掺配比例，进行多次试配、试验，配制出满足东南沿海地区不同季节气候条件下箱梁混凝土施工工艺需求的海工耐久混凝土配合比。     

The punctuality performance of aircraft rotations in a network of airports

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of aircraft turnaround performance at airports on the schedule punctuality of aircraft rotations in a network of airports. A mathematical model is applied, composed of two sub-models, namely the aircraft turnaround model (turnaround simulations) and the enroute model (enroute flight time simulations). A Markovian type model is featured in the aircraft turnaround model to simulate the operation of aircraft turnarounds at an airport by considering operational uncertainties and schedule punctuality variance. In addition, stochastic Monte Carlo simulations are employed to carry out stochastic sampling and simulations in both the aircraft turnaround model and the enroute model. Results of simulations show the robustness of the aircraft rotation model in capturing uncertainties from aircraft rotations. The propagation of knock-on delays in aircraft rotations is found to be significant when the short-connection-time policy is used by an airline at its hub airport. It is also found that the proper inclusion of schedule buffer time in the aircraft rotation schedule helps control the propagation of knock-on delays and, therefore, stabilize the punctuality performance of aircraft rotations.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁裂缝成因及控制技术初探

在现代道路桥梁建设中,钢筋混凝土已经占据重要的部分.而裂缝在混凝土结构中普遍存在,对工程建筑造成巨大的影响.文章分析了混凝土裂缝的成因,并对控制技术进行探讨.     

蒙华铁路中条山隧道高地应力F7断层软岩破碎段施工技术

为解决中条山隧道在施工至高地应力F7主干断层段时,左右线已施工完成的247 m初期支护发生严重变形开裂的问题,选取不同段落对“刚性支护一次到位”和“柔性支护释放应力后进行二次支护”2种方案进行试验,通过对监控量测数据分析和初期支护表面观察,得出以下结果： 1）软岩大变形段落采取“刚性支护一次到位”相比“柔性支护释放应力后进行二次支护”变形速率明显下降,最大收敛速率由28 mm/d下降至18 mm/d,最大沉降速率由24 mm/d下降至12.8 mm/d,释放应力时发生变形的“度”更易掌控; 2）在采取“刚性支护一次到位”的基础上,辅以优化“隧道边墙曲率”和“施工工法”等措施,能够有效控制隧道初期支护变形开裂,确保隧道结构的质量,顺利通过F7主干断层。     

Sensitivity of the wheel–rail contact interactions and Dang Van Fatigue Index in the rail with respect to irregularities of the track geometry

This paper investigates the effects of the track geometry irregularities on the wheel–rail dynamic interactions and the rail fatigue initiation through the application of the Dang Van criterion, that supposes an elastic shakedown of the structure. The irregularities are modelled, using experimental data, as a stochastic field which is representative of the considered railway network. The tracks thus generated are introduced as the input of a railway dynamics software to characterise the stochastic contact patch and the parameters on which it depends: contact forces and wheelset–rail relative position. A variance-based global sensitivity analysis is performed on quantities of interest representative of the dynamic behaviour of the system, with respect to the stochastic geometry irregularities and for different curve radius classes and operating conditions. The estimation of the internal stresses and the fatigue index being more time-consuming than the dynamical simulations, the sensitivity analysis is performed through a metamodel, whose input parameters are the wheel–rail relative position and velocity. The coefficient of variation of the number of fatigue cycles, when the simulations are performed with random geometry irregularities, varies between 0.13 and 0.28. In a large radius curve, the most influent irregularity is the horizontal curvature, while, in a tight curve, the gauge becomes more important.     

双轴加载下船底纵骨疲劳寿命试验与数值模拟研究

以实尺度制作了疲劳试验的试件,对45000DWT江海直达散货船船底纵骨与水密及非水密实肋板连接处进行了双轴恒幅循环载荷下的疲劳试验,记录了热点处的疲劳裂纹扩展长度和对应循环次数,获得船底纵骨疲劳特性;根据不同节点处裂纹萌生和扩展情况,得出非水密节点处是疲劳危险处;用动态应变仪记录热点处的应变,根据新版《船体结构疲劳强度指南》中的热点应力法计算热点应力,用试验数据拟合了一条S-N曲线,与指南提供的D曲线进行了对比分析,验证了D曲线的合理性。同时用MSC.Patran软件建立有限元模型,选取2007版《船体结构疲劳强度指南》中名义应力法对应结构形式的F曲线,用MSC.fatigue模块计算了相应节点的总疲劳寿命,将有限元结果和试验结果进行对比,验证了热点应力法的准确性。     

浅谈初稳性高在油船共同结构规范疲劳分析中的应用

对比初稳性高(GM)的取值方法在油船共同结构规范(CSR-OT)和协调版共同结构规范(CSR-H)中的差异,分析初稳性高与船体构件疲劳寿命的关系:初稳性高与船体构件疲劳寿命负相关。统计分析不同船型的实际初稳性高与规范缺省计算值的差异,对于B/D较小的"窄高型"油船,装载手册中经修正的初稳性高与规范缺省计算值的差异较大。通过某"窄高型"巴拿马最大型油船计算案例说明,选择装载手册中经修正的初稳性高可显著提高疲劳寿命计算结果,从而简化节点设计或减小构件尺寸。