高速动力车转向架焊接构架优化设计

以高速动力车转向架焊接构架的质量为目标函数,以16Mn钢母材和焊缝的疲劳强度为约束条件,根据UIC615-4所规定的构架强度试验载荷,对高速动力车转向架焊接构架进行结构优化,提出了降低结构弯曲和扭转刚度的设计方法,以提高轻量化焊接构架的疲劳强度。优化方案构架的最大等效应力较原方案降低15.33%,结构刚度和应力分布趋于均匀,构架疲劳强度满足设计要求。     

Influence of the track quality and of the properties of the wheel–rail rolling contact on vehicle dynamics

This work describes an analytical approach to determine what degree of accuracy is required in the definition of the rail vehicle models used for dynamic simulations. This way it would be possible to know in advance how the results of simulations may be altered due to the existence of errors in the creation of rolling stock models, whilst also identifying their critical parameters. This would make it possible to maximise the time available to enhance dynamic analysis and focus efforts on factors that are strictly necessary. In particular, the parameters related both to the track quality and to the rolling contact were considered in this study. With this aim, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. To do this, 72 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the track quality, the wheel–rail friction coefficient and the equivalent conicity of both new and worn wheels. Three values were assigned to each parameter, and two wear states were considered for each type of wheel, one for new wheels and another one for reprofiled wheels. After processing the results of these simulations, it was concluded that all the parameters considered show very high influence, though the friction coefficient shows the highest influence. Therefore, it is recommended to undertake any future simulation job with measured track geometry and track irregularities, measured wheel profiles and normative values of the wheel–rail friction coefficient.     

高速机车牵引齿轮强度的试验研究

对美国和国产要车牵引齿轮进行了强度试验分析，认为只要适当优选材料和工艺，国产机车牵引齿轮要以取代美国的牵引齿轮。     

Bus mathematical model of acceleration threshold limit estimation in lateral rollover test

Vehicle safety is a major concerns for researchers, governments and vehicle manufacturers, and therefore a special attention is paid to it. Particularly, rollover is one of the types of accidents where researchers have focused due to the gravity of injuries and the social impact it generates. One of the parameters that define bus lateral behaviour is the acceleration threshold limit, which is defined as the lateral acceleration from which the rollover process begins to take place. This parameter can be obtained by means of a lateral rollover platform test or estimated by means of mathematical models. In this paper, the differences between these methods are deeply analysed, and a new mathematical model is proposed to estimate the acceleration threshold limit in the lateral rollover test. The proposed model simulates the lateral rollover test, and, for the first time, it includes the effect of a variable position of the centre of gravity. Finally, the maximum speed at which the bus can travel in a bend without rolling over is computed.     

钢桥面板弧形切口疲劳裂纹切割修复与优化

对正交异性钢桥面板的弧形切口进行疲劳修复时，切割孔形的优劣决定了疲劳修复效果。以检查到较多弧形切口疲劳病害的钢桥面板为研究对象，采用有限元和结构力流法分析了弧形切口处应力集中的原因。结合4种修复方案对切割孔形的圆弧半径、直线长度和倾角进行参数优化，得到了切割孔形对峰值应力的影响规律。依托钢桥面板弧形切口疲劳裂纹切割、修复工程，选择切割前、后的弧形切口开展试验研究。采用试验车进行纵向和横向移动加载，测试了2片横隔板弧形切口断面和侧面的应力分布规律和轮载位置-应力变化关系，并采用修正名义应力法近似评估其疲劳寿命。研究结果表明：轮载产生的力流通过U肋以剪应力的形式传递给横隔板，力流扩散中遇到弧形切口的阻碍，导致切口处力流高度密集；弧形切口开孔尺寸宜小，开孔半径宜大，避免阻碍力流传递路径；弧形切口优化后，其峰值应力降低58.4%，考虑横向概率分布的等效应力降低55.2%；因增大弧形切口的开孔而削弱截面面积，导致横隔板的平均压应力稍有增大；基于有限元计算和试验测试的峰值应力进行疲劳寿命预测，修复前的疲劳寿命分别为3.8年和7.2年，修复后的寿命分别为58.5年和184.4年，说明此切割修复方法具有良好的加固效果。     

钢轨踏面斜裂纹伤损原因及对策的研究

广深准高速铁路全长139km。对准高速区段和非准高速区段曲线上钢轨进行探伤检查,发现在44个曲线,37km长的范围内存在踏面斜裂纹,斜裂纹主要发生在上下行上股钢轨,斜裂纹呈成段、非连续、跳跃式分布。踏面斜裂纹及断口的宏观形貌和理化检验与分析表明,踏面斜裂纹伤损属于滚动接触疲劳裂纹伤损类型。研究认为:钢轨性能、线路状况、车辆性能及运行速度、车轮踏面形状等是产生斜裂纹的主要原因。提高钢轨的接触疲劳强度,在曲线上使用微合金淬火钢轨,研究和改善轮轨接触方式,加强轨道的养护维修,合理地进行预防性打磨和校正性打磨是解决钢轨踏面斜裂纹伤损的主要措施。     

基于公路增量投资的重庆市干线公路超限车辆补偿费分析

目前 ,国省道干线公路超限运输日益严重 ,采用经济手段收取一定的超限车辆补偿费是实施超限运输管理的一种措施 .基于超限车辆引发的公路增量投资经济分析 ,提出了重庆市干线公路的超限车辆补偿费标准 ,供制定超限车辆管理政策时参考     

Fatigue of jack-ups: Simplifying calculations

Simplification of calculations for fatigue of jack-ups is essential in order to understand the primary influences and the uncertainties involved. Considerable simplification is possible for jack-ups because calculations for fatigue are dominated by the few worst loading conditions, while the large number of lesser conditions can be ignored. The dominating conditions are likely to be — during operations, the resonant sway and surge motions at the natural period of the structure; and during towage, the 1 or 2 days of maximum roll and pitch motions. Examples for both situations examine loading conditions and demonstrate simplified calculations.     

轻轨车辆用耐候钢冲压性能及工艺参数试验研究

本文论述了耐候钢耐腐蚀及高强度的特点,给出了其经试验得到的有关冲压性能和冲压工艺参数,为拟定工艺和设计模具提供了依据.     

铁道车辆天线梁的随机振动疲劳评估

引发天线梁破坏的主要原因是受到经构架端部传递的随机振动激扰.为考察天线梁在随机激扰下的疲劳可靠性,首先将结构动力学、随机振动和材料疲劳理论进行结合,研究了随机振动疲劳分析方法,在此基础上,依据标准IEC 61373,采用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对天线梁进行随机振动仿真,最后采用Steinberg法对其应力较严重部位进行疲劳损伤评估.经分析,得到天线梁的总体损伤为0.56,满足Miner线性累计损伤准则,表明天线梁的疲劳设计符合标准的相关要求.