《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》实施情况及评估

在北京市进入社会经济现代化、城市化和机动化高速发展时期,交通形势十分严峻的背景下,北京市颁布了《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》（以下简称《纲要》）。对“纲要》颁布以来北京交通取得的成就进行评估,在此基础上总结北京交通发展的成功经验并反思发展过程中存在的问题,为《纲要》的进一步修编提供参考。     

Workplace travel plans: can they be evaluated effectively by experts?

Employers are regularly involved in transport planning and characteristic workplace-oriented tools include: (1) travel plans for building projects, (2) mandatory travel plans, (3) subsidies to employers with an advanced travel plan and (4) best travel plan awards. In all cases, experts judge the level of car use. We argue that decision-makers might benefit from a multiple regression-based benchmark modelling tool that estimates the expected share of the car. In this paper, we estimate the share of car users in the commuting modal split at workplaces. However, since the amount of information available to experts differs, we gradually add information to the model to measure the impact of data availability. Without historic data on modal split, the current share can only be predicted moderately well, i.e. within a 20% range. Besides adding the past, results improve by using homogenous and regional subsamples. Nevertheless, quantitative analyses do not make expert knowledge obsolete.     

Integrated smart feeder/shuttle transit service: simulation of new routing strategies

The idea of designing an integrated smart feeder/shuttle service stemmed from the need to overcome the problem of using an excessive number of cars arriving and parking at a train station within the same time span. This problem results in high parking demand around the train station. Moreover, some potential train riders will, instead, use their cars and hence become a party to increasing the traffic congestion. This work develops a new idea of an integrated and innovative feeder/shuttle system with new operating and routing concepts. The fulfilled objectives are as follows: (i) to construct and examine different operating strategies from both the user and operator perspectives; (ii) to examine different routing models and scenarios; and (iii) to construct a simulation tool for (i) and (ii). Ten different routing strategies are examined, with all the combinations of fixed/flexible routes, fixed/flexible schedules, a unidirectional or bidirectional concept, and shortcut (shortest path) and/or short‐turn (turnaround) concepts. These strategies are investigated by employing a simulation model specifically developed and constructed for this purpose. This simulation model is used in a case study of Castro Valley in California in which the feeder/shuttle service is coordinated with the Bay Area Rapid Transit service, and the 10 routing strategies are compared in regard to four fleet‐size scenarios. One of the interesting results found is that the fixed‐route and flexible‐route concepts are comparable in performance measures when applying a combination of operating strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluating Flexible Transport Solutions

Abstract

Flexible transport services (FTS) have been of increasing interest in developing countries as a bridge between the use of personal car travel and fixed route transit services. This paper reports on findings from a recent study in Queensland Australia, which identified lessons from an international review and implications for Australia. Potential strategic directions, including a vision, mission, key result areas, strategies, and identified means of measuring performance are described. Evaluation criteria for assessing flexible transport proposals were developed, and approaches to identifying and assessing needs and demands outlined. The use of emerging technologies is also a key element of successful flexible transport services.     

交通拥挤收费空间公平性探讨

将出行者按照时间价值（VOT）和地域划分为不同群体,在一个简单路网上建立交通网络模型,分析拥挤收费的公平性影响.研究模拟居民的多种不同出行选择,分析了实施拥挤收费对两处居民各类人群在出行方式分担、行程时间以及交通可达性等方面的影响.研究发现,对于始发地居民,引入拥挤收费能够降低其行程时间,提高可达性;而对于周边道路沿途的居民,若周边道路通行能力不高,适当的拥挤收费会提高可达性,若周边道路通行能力较好,拥挤收费则会小幅度的减少其交通可达性.     

基于需求分析的公路网运行状态分类

为指导物联网技术在公路网运行监管与服务体系建设中的应用,有效提升公路网交通运行状态的感知水平,提高公众出行信息服务水平,立足相关理论研究、国内外经验明确公路网运行状态基本内涵,基于充分的需求调研,总结相关利益人对于公路网运行状态的切实需求,分析提出了基于需求分析的公路网运行状态分类。研究可为构建监测指标体系、监测体系及其标准研究提供有效参考。     

城市大型综合医院交通问题剖析及解决对策研究

近年来,随着城市化、机动化的快速发展,大型综合医院普遍存在的停车难、交通拥堵问题,逐步影响着市民日常生活,也限制了医院的可持续发展。文中以深圳为例,结合大量实地调查,对医院交通现状及共性问题深入分析。在此基础上,以医院现状交通问题和交通出行需求为双导向,遵循差异化、人本化的基本原则,从完善交通设施、调整停车供需、优化交通组织以及强化交通管理等方面提出相应的解决对策。     

安徽水运业人力资源管理现状与发展建议

从目前制约安徽由水运大省向水运强省迈进的主要因素——人才角度出发,分析人才需求和人才培养现状,指出存在问题,认为应加快建立水运人才梯队培养机制和体系。     

海上维修保障资源需求预测模型

随着海军军事任务多样化,执行任务时间长,任务海区远离大陆,可靠、精确的海上维修保障成为了必备的条件。论文从维修保障资源主要包括的保障专业人员、维修设施设和备品备件三个方面建立了需求预测模型,并结合实例说明了模型的使用。     

现代化居住社区停车特性与需求分析

从停车高峰时段、停车周转率的角度对停车特性进行分析。基于停车共享理论,在既有研究的基础上对时间变化系数、区位影响系数进行优化;提出公交出行调节系数和土地利用系数;并引入权重指数对4个系数进行权重分配,建立横向混合用地的停车需求预测模型,为混合用地的停车需求预测提供参考。