A driver advisory system with dynamic losses for passenger electric multiple units

Driver advisory systems, instructing the driver how to control the train in an energy efficient manner, is one the main tools for minimizing energy consumption in the railway sector. There are many driver advisory systems already available in the market, together with significant literature on the mathematical formulation of the problem. However, much less is published on the development of such mathematical formulations, their implementation in real systems, and on the empirical data from their deployment. Moreover, nearly all the designed driver advisory systems are designed as an additional hardware to be added in drivers’ cabin. This paper discusses the design of a mathematical formulation and optimization approach for such a system, together with its implementation into an Android-based prototype, the results from on-board practical experiments, and experiences from the implementation. The system is based on a more realistic train model where energy calculations take into account dynamic losses in different components of the propulsion system, contrary to previous approaches. The experimental evaluation shows a significant increase in accuracy, as compared to a previous approach. Tests on a double-track section of the Mälaren line in Sweden demonstrates a significant potential for energy saving.     

航海院校学生资助体系运行效用的研究

本文以问卷调查法研究航海院校学生资助体系运行效用，结果表明的师生的满意度较高，该体系较好地实现了奖优助困教育公平的目的．但是，还要加强贫困生的鉴定工作和后续的监督管理．     

Urban single-lane roundabouts: A new analytical approach using multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization of geometry design,efficiency and safety

Building safe and effective roundabouts requires optimizing traffic (operational) efficiency (TE) and traffic safety (TS) while taking into account geometric factors, traffic characteristics and local constraints. Most existing simulation-based optimization models do not simultaneously optimize all these factors. To capture the relationship among geometry, efficiency and safety, we put forward a model formulation in this paper. We present a new multi-criteria and simultaneous multi-objective optimization (MOO) model approach to optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban unsignalized single-lane roundabouts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that uses the multi-criteria decision-making method known as analytic hierarchy process to evaluate and rank traffic parameters and geometric elements of urban single-lane roundabouts. The model was built based on comprehensive review of the research literature and existing roundabout simulation software, a field survey of 61 civil and traffic expert engineers in Croatia, and field studies of roundabouts in the Croatian capital city of Zagreb. We started from the basis of Kimber’s capacity model, HCM2010 serviceability model, and Maycock and Hall's accident prediction model, which we extended by adding sensitivity analysis and powerful MOO procedures of the bounded objective function method and interactive optimization. Preliminary validation of the model was achieved by identifying the optimal and most robust of three geometric alternatives (V.1-V.3) for an unsignalized single-lane roundabout in Zagreb, Croatia. The geometric parameters in variant V.1 had significantly higher values than in the existing design V.0, while approaches 1 and 3 in variant V.2 were enlarged as much as possible within allowed spatial limits and Croatian guidelines, reflecting their higher traffic demand. Sensitivity analysis indicated that variant V.2 showed the overall highest TE and TS across the entire range of traffic flow demand and pedestrian crossing flow demand at approaches. At the same time, the number of predicted traffic accidents was similar for all three variants, although it was lowest overall for V.2. The similarity in predicted accident frequency for the three variants suggests that V.2 provides the greatest safety within the predefined constraints and parameter ranges explored in our study. These preliminary results suggest that the proposed model can optimize geometry, TE and TS of urban single-lane roundabouts.     

LED灯具在高速列车照明系统中的应用

随着我国高速铁路事业的发展,旅客对车内照明环境品质的要求越来越高,在我国高速列车照明设计中广泛采用LED灯具作为光源。通过对高速动车组车载灯具与25T型列车传统车载灯具的测试对比,总结出LED灯具在发光效率等方面相对于传统灯具的优势,为高速动车组室内照明设计提供依据。     

Integrated vehicle and powertrain optimization for passenger vehicles with vehicle-infrastructure communication

This research proposes an optimal controller to improve fuel efficiency for a vehicle equipped with automatic transmission traveling on rolling terrain without the presence of a close preceding vehicle. Vehicle acceleration and transmission gear position are optimized simultaneously to achieve a better fuel efficiency. This research leverages the emerging Connected Vehicle technology and utilizes present and future information—such as real-time dynamic speed limit, vehicle speed, location and road topography—as optimization input. The optimal control is obtained using the Relaxed Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. The benefit of the proposed optimal controller is significant compared to the regular cruise control and other eco-drive systems. It varies with the hill length, grade, and the number of available gear positions. It ranges from an increased fuel saving of 18–28% for vehicles with four-speed transmission and 25–45% for vehicles with six-speed transmission. The computational time for the optimization is 1.0–2.1 s for the four-speed vehicle and 1.8–3.9 s for the six-speed vehicle, given a 50 s optimization time horizon and 0.1 s time step. The proposed controller can potentially be used in real-time.     

区域道路运输相对效率截面分析

随着区域路网的完善,其承载的道路运输业也呈现快速发展态势。在区域层面上,实现两者的良性互动,需要因地制宜,实现区域与运输业阶段性的协调决策,进而保证在全社会范围内对优化资源配置。这些分析的实现需要合适的评价方法对道路运输业投入要素与产出要素间的内在关系进行深入研究,并能对投入、产出要素进行量化控制。本文引入数据包络分析方法（Data Envelopment Analyses,简称DEA方法）,采用CCR模型（Charnes,Cooper and Rhodes Model）以各区域道路运输为决策单元;构筑各区域道路运输生产前沿面,评价各单元的相对效率,分析各要素投入的变动对产出的影响。     

飞机防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度

分析了常见的3种飞机防冰腔结构,应用Gambit软件建立了双蒙皮防冰腔结构网格模型。采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型模拟热气在防冰腔内的流动状况,采用Fluent软件进行传热效率分析,建立了防冰腔结构参数对传热效率的重要性测度模型。通过随机响应面法建立防冰腔结构参数与传热效率的函数关系,采用低分散性抽样法求解防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度,建立了防冰腔结构参数的重要性测度分析流程。分析结果表明:当笛形管中心到外蒙皮的距离从35.15mm增加到38.85mm时,传热系数由0.505减小到0.463;当双蒙皮通道高度从2.85mm增加到3.15mm时,传热系数由0.495减小到0.476;当射流孔孔径从1.90mm增加到2.10mm时,传热系数从0.505减小到0.494;当射流孔角度从14.25°增加到15.75°时,传热系数从0.476增加到0.494。防冰腔结构参数的重要性排序依次为射流孔角度、笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离、射流孔孔径、双蒙皮通道高度,在防冰腔结构加工与装配过程中,需要重点考虑射流孔角度与笛形管中心到外蒙皮距离这2个参数。     

基于LabVIEW的“海院1号”波浪发电平台浮筒取能效率数据采集系统设计

浮筒取能效率测试是波浪发电平台研究的重要组成部分。传统的测试系统不但测量精度低,而且自动化程度低、操作复杂。为此,该文基于“海院1号”波浪发电平台,采用虚拟仪器LabVIEW软件开发了浮筒取能效率数据采集系统。文中介绍了“海院1号”波浪发电平台及其浮筒,进行了测试系统的设计,实现了浮筒取能效率测试的数据采集、数据管理、曲线拟合及绘制、生成报表、信号分析以及数据处理等工程。对实际运行效果进行分析,结果表明该系统具有精度高、运行稳定可靠、自动化程度高、人机界面友好以及操作简单等特点,具有重要的工程实践意义。     

港口机械设备管理"一二三四五工作法"

以提高"设备综合效率"为中心,建立健全设备管理体制,全员参与,鼓励创新,培养骨干,落实责任,根据设备的重要性和使用频繁程度等具体情况,灵活运用主动维护、总成互换、预防维修、视情维修等方法,确保港机设备正常运行.     

轨迹数据驱动的单点信号交叉口运行效率评价方法

为解决信号交叉口运行效率评价方法偏理论化、实用性不强等问题,以出租车、公交车、驾图(车联网)多源GPS轨迹数据为基础,充分利用车辆减速、停车、加速等连续速度变化特征及位置信息,提出交叉口个体车辆排队长度、通行时间、停车次数等交通参数提取技术.基于此,构建以信号交叉口运行指数为一级指标,车辆平均通行时间,第95％分位排队...