上海轨道交通1、2号线列车编组“6改8”项目的技术对策及实施效果分析

介绍了上海轨道交通1、2号线运能与日益增长的客流之间的矛盾,提出了通过对既有列车进行"6改8"扩编改造的解决方案。以AC01、AC02和DC01型列车增扩编改造为例,对其技术难度和改造内容进行了分析和说明。已实施的该项扩编改造工作不仅克服了车辆改造所遇到的若干技术难题,而且还有效解决了在列车扩编改造期间所造成的运能不足的问题。     

车辆在线监测系统 在受电弓检测中的应用

以南京地铁1号线车辆的在线检测系统中的受电弓在线监测系统为主要对象,论述其组成结构、工作过程和工作原理。在线检测系统通过图像采集、分析,实时反馈列车受电弓的工作状态;利用图形分析技术,及时发现受电弓故障并立即报警,避免弓网事故的发生。实际使用表明,该系统可以降低受电弓检查的成本,提高受电弓检修的效率,避免受电弓带故障运行,提升运营质量,保证正线的运营安全。     

面向实际交通状态的混合动力汽车能耗和CO2排放模型

由于混合动力汽车与传统燃油车的能耗排放因子具有差异性，导致机动车交通路网能耗排放的量化评估存在不确定性。本文建立混合动力汽车在实际交通状态中的能耗和CO2排放因子测算模型，基于车辆比功率VSP(Vehicle Specific Power)作为车辆行驶状态与能耗排放之间耦合关系的表征参数。通过引入内燃机转速区分内燃机开启和关闭工作状态，并计算内燃机开启状态下VSP对应的平均能耗率，同时，建立能够解析混合动力汽车能耗排放产生机理的VSP分布。通过收集典型行驶工况下车辆测试油耗数据和北京市车辆实际行驶轨迹数据，验证了模型的准确性，并应用模型测算混合动力汽车不同速度区间下的油耗和CO2排放因子。研究结果表明：在城市行驶工况(UDDS)和高速行驶工况(HWY)中，模型测算能耗排放因子与真实值的平均相对误差分别为3.7%和-1.7%，与不考虑内燃机开启状态相比，测算误差减少5.6%和4.3%；在实际交通状态下，采用传统燃油车的测算方法会导致混合动力汽车行驶平均速度为高速区间时油耗和CO2排放量被低估，当行驶平均速度为低速区间时油耗和CO2排放量会被高估。     

某纯电动汽车直流充电异常分析及解决方案

随着纯电动汽车的普及,电动汽车充电系统运行的可靠性及稳定性关乎整车的安全性,车辆在充电过程中出现充电异常的情况,应受到足够的重视。本文通过某纯电动汽车在点火锁处于关闭状态下直流充电异常的案例,结合整车控制通信架构讲述该纯电动汽车快充系统无法充电的异常原因分析及排除过程,为电动汽车从业者提供一些整车通信网络架构设计思路和充电异常的分析思路。     

A statistical analysis of consumer perceptions towards automated vehicles and their intended adoption

ABSTRACT

While automated vehicle (AV) development continues to progress rapidly, how the public will accept and adopt automated vehicles remains an open question. Using extensive survey data, we apply cluster analysis to better understand consumer perceptions toward potential benefits and concerns related to AVs with regard to factors influencing their AV adoption likelihood. Four market segments are identified – ‘benefits-dominated,’ ‘concerns-dominated,’ ‘uncertain,’ and ‘well-informed.’ A random parameters multinomial logit model is then estimated to identify factors influencing the probability of respondents belonging to one of these four market segments. Among other influences (such as socio-economic and current travel characteristics), it is found that ‘Millennials’ have a higher probability of belonging to the well-informed market segment, ‘Gen-Xers’ with a lower probability to the uncertain market segment, and ‘Baby Boomers’ with a higher probability to the concerns-dominated market (relative to the ‘Great Generation’). We also study the individuals’ expressed likelihood of AV adoption using separate random parameters ordered probit estimations for each of the four market segments. The substantial and statistically significant differences across each AV consumer market segment underscore the potentially large impact that different consumer demographics may have on AV adoption and the need for targeted marketing to achieve better market-penetration outcomes.     

一种基于地图辅助的自动驾驶视-惯融合定位方法

视觉同步定位与建图(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, SLAM)方法广泛应用于自动驾驶领域。传统的方法利用车载摄像头表征车辆周围环境，同时估计自身位置，当车辆运动过快时，定位精度和鲁棒性会下降。针对此问题，本文提出一种地图辅助的视-惯融合定位方法。该方法在ORB-SLAM2(Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF SLAM2)的基础上拓展地图保存功能，将建图和定位拆分为两个独立模块，车辆首先以较慢的速度构建并保存具有视觉特征的地图，然后，在第2次运行时车载计算机调用预先保存的地图实现精确且稳定的定位性能。由于构建地图阶段采用了图优化算法融合惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)的信息，地图误差得到有效校正。在KITTI数据集场景和实际场景中验证了所提方法的良好性能。实验结果表明，所提方法在4, 8, 16 m·s-1 驾驶速度下的定位精度分别为2.59，2.61，2.73 m，图像失帧率和路径丢失率分别为3.76%和1.38%，3.89%和1.69%，4.27%和1.84%。相比原始的ORB-SLAM2方法，系统定位精度和鲁棒性均得到了提高。     

基于信号和车辆系统联控的弓靴转换控制设计研究

广州地铁4号、5号、6号、14号、21号线运营线路采用第三轨集电靴受流方式,车辆段采用接触网受电弓受流方式,列车在进出车辆段时,需在弓靴转换点处进行降弓升靴或降靴升弓的操作,传统"人防"监控方法是人工监控与视频监控。文章研究利用信号定位、车辆控制软件联控的方式,实现列车弓靴转换由"人防"向"技防"的转变,设计研究成果已在广州地铁14号、21号线车辆段出入段线弓靴转换点处成熟应用。该设计研究方案能优化列车出入场管理、节约人力资源,并从根本上解决人工未按要求进行弓靴转换而产生的安全风险。     

Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

基于滚动时域优化的共享自动驾驶汽车动态调度方法

共享自动驾驶汽车被视为未来城市交通系统的重要组成部分。本文考虑随机订单需求研究共享自动驾驶汽车的动态调度优化方法。通过建立车辆调度时空网络，分别针对订单分配与空车移位生成车辆运行时间弧，提出车辆调度问题的刻画方法。基于马尔科夫决策框架，以时空节点流量为状态，以时空弧流量为决策变量，建立最大化系统净收益的车辆动态调度优化模型。 采取滚动时域优化思想，建立含前视时间窗的随机规划模型，并利用CPLEX优化引擎，滚动求解车辆动态调度决策结果。Sioux Falls网络算例结果表明，滚动时域优化方法可保证车辆动态调度决策效果，提升系统运营效率。在计算时间限制下，滚动时域方法应优先采用长时间窗中等规模 样本。在最大化系统净收益的同时进一步最小化乘客等待时间，可有效提升车辆动态调度决策效果。     

Joint deployment of charging stations and photovoltaic power plants for electric vehicles

The focus of this study is to jointly design charging stations and photovoltaic (PV) power plants with time-dependent charging fee, to improve the management of the coupled transportation and power systems. We first propose an efficient and extended label-setting algorithm to solve the EV joint routing and charging problem that considers recharging amount choices at different stations and loop movement cases. Then, a variational inequality problem is formulated to model the equilibrium of EV traffic on transportation networks, and an optimal power flow model is proposed to model the power network flow with PV power plants and optimally serve the EV charging requirements. Based on the above models for describing system states, we then formulate a model to simultaneously design charging stations, PV plants, and time-dependent charging fee. A surrogate-based optimization (SBO) algorithm is adopted to solve the model. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed SBO algorithm performs well. Additionally, important insights concerning the infrastructure design and price management of the coupled transportation and power networks are derived accordingly.