海监船与渔政船主尺度模型研究

分析了我国海监船和渔政船发展现状及发展趋势。整理分析相关的船型数据资料,利用逐步回归的数学方法,分别基于Excel回归分析、MATLAB的BP神经网络工具箱和RBF神经网络工具箱,建立了海监船和渔政船主尺度的数学模型,并对3种数学统计模型进行了实船验证和误差分析,结果显示BP神经网络和RBF神经网络模型误差较小。数学模型的建立有利于分析和掌握海监船与渔政船主尺度变化的规律,为报价设计和初步设计提供了科学依据。     

洋山港航道工程水下炸礁对渔业资源的影响

为有效控制洋山深水港区一期工程的水下航道炸礁施工对渔业资源的影响,尽可能减少渔业损失,实施了先试后爆和从小药量到大药量逐步升级的爆破试验方法。通过试验分析,了解和掌握了水下爆破对渔业资源及其生态环境所造成的影响及其危害程度,提出了最大限度地减少工程施工对渔业资源影响的方法和措施。     

石笼护岸结构在斯里兰卡渔业码头的应用

斯里兰卡渔业码头项目普遍采用石笼作为小型码头和护岸的主体结构,石笼结构简单,施工简便,无需大型施工设备,值得推广。     

An application of interactive management information systems to environmental planning: Coastal zone management

Recent emphasis in comprehensive planning for coastal zone regions has created the need for more effective tools for information processing and analysis to aid policymakers and planners in developing strategies for preservation of coastal zone areas. New agencies with broad powers have been created at both state and federal levels to deal with growth management in large coastal regions. However, coastal zone management (CZM) agencies have not yet been able to deal effectively with development processes. A “holding action”; is being maintained in the face of mounting pressure by developers, while planners struggle to develop (1) a data base with sufficient detail for planning; (2) a fair and rapid process for reviewing environmental impact statements and granting of development permits; and (3) a system for making the development permit application process more routine. The key to success of the CZM process is the development of a management information system (MIS) created explicitly for CZM. The prototypical system designed by the authors combines graphic display capabilities (i.e., map display) with interactive on‐line computing and large storage‐capacity computers. Problems of data structure development are documented, together with problems of assembling a large‐scale, highly detailed data base. Of particular importance is the need for well‐developed objectives and specifications for the use of computer‐based data in resolving disputes on environmental issues. A set of objectives and specifications for a prototypical coastal zone MIS is developed. The system is described in detail, showing how its capabilities directly address policy questions formulated by coastal zone planners.     

渔业互保引入公估机制的探索

针对我国渔业互保现状存在的问题,介绍了目前商业保险中的公估机制,提出了在渔业互保中引入公估机制的可行性,以促进渔业互保工作对理赔案件的出险原因、责任归属、损失金额等做出科学、公允的评估。     

养鱼循环水水质的分析

养鱼污水进行处理后再循环回用于养鱼对防止养鱼污水的污染和节省水资源均具有重要意义,但目前尚未见相应的国家和行业标准。本文通过文献调研,并结合相关标准,特别参考《渔业水质标准》,提出了养鱼循环水回用的水质标准。考虑到铝盐絮凝剂的使用,本文还提出了铝的指标限制。     

The influence of oceanographic scenarios on the population dynamics of demersal resources in the western Mediterranean: Hypothesis for hake and red shrimp off Balearic Islands

The aim of the present paper is to study the relationships between some climatic indices and parental stock, recruitment and accessibility to trawl fishery of hake (Merluccius merluccius) and red shrimp (Aristeus antennatus) off Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). Available annual catch per unit effort, recruitment and spawning stock biomass have been used as biological data. As environmental data, the meso-scale IDEA index and the large-scale North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) indices have been used. To analyze possible links between these indices with the population dynamics of demersal resources, two non-linear approaches have been applied: (i) stock–recruitment relationships from Ricker and Beverton–Holt models, by sequentially incorporating environment factors; (ii) generalized additive modelling, both classical general and threshold non-additive models were considered. The latter simulate an abrupt change in explicative variables across different phases (time periods or climatic index values). The results have shown that two oceanographic scenarios around the Balearic Islands, associated with macro and meso-scale climate regimes, can influence the population dynamics of hake and red shrimp. This is especially true for recruitment, which seems to be enhanced during low NAO and IDEA indices periods. During these periods, colder-than-normal winters generate high amounts of cold Western Mediterranean Intermediate Waters (WIW) in the Gulf of Lions, which flow southwards and reach the Balearic Islands channels in spring, increasing the productivity in the area. This oceanographic scenario could also be favourable to the distribution of hake on the fishing grounds where the trawl fleet targets this species, increasing its accessibility to the fishery. Both spawning stock and abundance of red shrimp seems to be also enhanced by high MO index periods, which could reflect the increased presence of the saline and warm Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) in the study area, extending over the fishing grounds of this species. The proposed interactions can be useful to assess and manage these important demersal resources.     

硝化细菌净化养殖水体中氨氮实验

污染养殖水体的主要因素是氨/铵(NH3/NH4+)和亚硝酸根离子(NO2-),用固定化粉末硝化细菌、浓缩液态硝化细菌对养殖用水污染源进行处理,比较各种处理对养殖用水中NH3/NH4+和NO2-的降解教果。实验证明硝化细菌能有效调节水环境p H,降低NH3/NH4+和NO2-的浓度,分解有机质,调节水环境的微生态平衡,水体中的NH3/NH4+和NO2-全程都控制在0.5 mg·L-1以下,符合鱼虾类养殖规范的要求。     

渔船节能技术中潮流能发电的应用设计

本文介绍了现有的节能方法,提出在渔船锚泊时应用潮流能发电技术.研究设计了潮流能发电系统中的水轮机、发电机及调节器.这一设计解决了渔船在锚泊时用传统柴油机做原动机供电带来的资源浪费与环境污染问题,同时也解决了一些锚泊船用蓄电池来维持供电时供电时间短的问题.     

基于Maxsurf球鼻艏型线的船舶减阻方法

为了探究球鼻艏宽度与船舶快速性的关系,在对某渔政船的主尺度和机型已定的情况下,针对相同船型设计了三种不同宽度的球鼻艏,利用maxsurf软件中的新细长体理论,首先计算原船的兴波阻力系数和有效功率,并将计算结果和船模试验值相比较,结果表明该方法和试验值较为接近;接着计算三种不同球鼻艏的船的兴波阻力系数和有效功率。结果表明适当增加球鼻艏的宽度可以减小船舶的兴波阻力,提高船舶有效功率,进而提高了船舶的快速性。