一种桥梁桩基础空间刚度的模拟方法

为了准确模拟桩基础对桥梁结构的空间约束,在总结常用桩基模拟方法的基础上,提出一种新的等效结构来模拟群桩基础的空间刚度,然后采用基于WinKler假定的"m法",根据"柔度相等"的原则,推导出这种等效结构的相关参数,最后通过与常用模拟方式比较验证的方式,验证这种等效结构的准确性。研究表明:该种虚拟结构构造简单、建模方便,能够模拟桩基础的空间刚度,满足工程设计要求。     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

车辆变刚度弹簧组的"当量挠度法"疲劳试验方法研究

依据车辆承载弹簧的实际运用状态,提出采用"当量挠度法"对转向架变刚度弹簧组进行疲劳试验,以货车转8G、转K2和转K4型新型转向架为研究对象进行了理论分析,并确定了试验参数。研究结果和建议可供设计部门制定产品技术要求,主管部门修订相关标准时参考。     

A week in the life of baby boomers: how do they see the spatial–temporal organization of their activities and travel?

In this paper, we take an initial look at the spatial and temporal flexibility in the activity patterns of the so-called “baby-boomer” cohort (born 1947–1966) in comparison with younger and older adults. Using a unique longitudinal survey carried in Quebec City from 2002 to 2005, we explore activity patterns and trip rates over a seven-day observation period during the first wave, and take a first look at some aspects of their evolution over two subsequent waves at about one-year intervals. We model the propensity to undertake activities within selected conventional non-work classifications such as “shopping” and “leisure”, and also according to respondents’ own perceptions of the spatial and temporal flexibility of each out-of-home activity that they had executed. While we cannot strictly separate cohort effects from age-related effects, after controlling for gender and household structure, we infer that age and related lifestyle effects dominate in explaining these propensities. However, the boomers were the only age stratum to increase their total out-of-home activity participation over the course of the panel, an intriguing starting point for the future study of this cohort.

圆形隧道抗震计算的近似方法

本文提出了圆形水底隧道抗震设计的近似计算方法。其基本思想是衬砌与土体的变形与它们之间的相对刚度有关。通过计算土体的位移,再采用传递系数,来计算衬砌的变形,最后求出衬砌的内力。而传递系数是Peck提出的柔度比或类似压缩比的函数。文中还简介了St.John的计算方法。并对SFBART的设计实例,按建议的方法进行计算,还将计算结果与St.John和SFBART的结果做了比较。     

车架结构柔性对组合挂车最大爬坡角的影响

为了研究车架的结构柔性对组合挂车爬坡性能的影响,建立了车架的几何模型并且运用ANSYS软件对其进行了有限元分析,计算结果表明结构柔性很大程度提高了组合挂车的爬坡性能。     

基于振型的传感器优化布置与损伤识别

为了对现役桥梁进行正确的状态评估,并对出现的损伤状况进行识别,文中基于有效独立法研究了传感器的优化布置,并采用柔度差法模拟了损伤识别情况.通过算例验证了该方法的有效性.     

地基柔性效应对铁路连续梁桥弹塑性地震反应的影响

以某高速铁路大跨连续梁桥固定墩纵桥向的弹塑性地震反应为研究对象,建立考虑地基柔性约束效应的单墩动力计算模型,分析地基柔性效应对桥墩动力特性及弹塑性地震反应的影响规律。结果表明:地基比例系数m值的改变对桥墩的1阶自振频率影响较明显;随着地基比例系数m值的降低,墩顶位移及基底位移逐渐增加;地基越软,桥墩的弹塑性地震反应有增大的趋势。为了更加合理的描述桥墩的塑性状态,建议对软土场地桩基础钢筋混凝土桥墩进行延性抗震设计时,优选墩底曲率延性指标进行评价。     

基于不确定需求的港口柔性靠泊计划

港口生产系统中存在许多不确定因素,实施高度灵活、富有弹性和对市场需求能够快速响应的港口生产柔性化战略,有利于提升港口综合竞争力,推动港口发展和升级换代.在分析基于不确定需求的港口柔性靠泊服务需求的基础上,研究港口柔性靠泊计划,建立了柔性靠泊计划模型.该模型引入非对称性田口损失函数来衡量服务损失的大小,实现在保证一定服务水平(满意率)的前提下,港口的服务损失最小,即所有在港船舶的时间(费用)损失最小.     

一种基于多项式拟合的UWB SAR目标鉴别稳健性评估方法

在超宽带合成孔径雷达（UWBSAR）目标鉴别性能评估中,稳健性是其中一项重要的性能指标,但关于此方面目前尚未有系统可行的评估方法提出．为此,文中提出了一种基于多项式拟合的稳健性评估方法．该方法提出了分离度一指标来衡量单信杂比情况下算法的鉴别性能,利用多项式模型实现对多信杂比情况下鉴别性能量化值的曲线拟合,提出了弹性指数的定义,并由拟合多项式得到对应的弹性指数方程,通过对弹性指数方程进行积分来实现对待评估鉴别算法稳健性的评估．基于所提出方法针对3种鉴别算法进行了评估试验,试验结果验证了方法的合理性．