管壁不连续对管路中传播的弯曲波的隔离

采用梁弯曲振动的运动方程来求解管壁中传播的弯曲波,然后用传递矩阵的方法得出了弯曲波在通过管壁不连续段后的透射系数矩阵。利用边界条件,分析了管壁材料不连续段及其在管路中的布置情况对弯曲波透射系数的影响,并得出了如下结论:作为管路不连续段的铜管、铝管和挠性胶管都可以对管路中传播的弯曲波起到隔离作用,但它们也都有可能使振动放大。这与频率、边界条件和管路不连续段的布置密切相关;对极低频弯曲波的隔离是十分困难的,甚至是不可能的;管路不连续段的布置情况、管路边界条件(即支撑情况)和频率应当是管路隔振设计中需要特别注意的因素;挠性胶管在可以起隔离作用的条件下能够取得比铜管和铝管更低的透射系数和更大的位移补偿。     

基于土地利用的城轨新站点客流预测方法研究

城市轨道交通线路规划、设计和建设全过程年限较长,在此期间土地利用规划通常多有调整,导致工可研阶段的客流预测结果难以支撑新线开通时运输计划编制等运营管理工作。提出一种基于土地利用的城轨新站点客流预测方法,首先研究城轨站点周边人口岗位数据统计方法,其次提出人口岗位比、人口岗位总数和站点可达性指标概念,基于K近邻非参数回归预测方法构建进出站量预测模型,最后依托广州地铁客流数据对模型进行精度分析。结果表明,所有站点进站量预测的平均绝对误差占平均实际进站量的19.0%,进站量大于2万人次的站点平均相对误差为16.0%,所提方法可为城轨新线开通后运输组织提供决策依据。     

城市轨道交通明挖装配式地下结构设计技术及方法

通过多年装配式地下结构建造技术的理论和试验研究，结合实际工程应用，对明挖条件下的城市轨道交通等市政工程预制装配式地下结构的设计技术和方法进行系统性总结。1）从全方位体现装配式技术的工业化建造理念的角度，提出装配式地下结构的设计基本原则和基本规定，并结合明挖装配式结构的特点提出主要设计内容； 2）针对装配式结构设计的重要环节，包括结构体系的确定、基坑工程和结构防水等方面进行论述，提出接头选型、结构拆分及内部结构的设计方法，以及基于装配式结构的基坑工程设计技术要求和设计方法，涵盖支护选型、基坑宽度的确定、桩墙+内支撑体系技术设计要点、基坑回填技术设计要点等，并总结装配式地下结构的防水关键技术。     

The relationship between land use and automobile travel utility: A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach

The relationship between land use and the utility of automobile travel is examined by refining the utility concept, particularly by combining the microeconomic utility theory, which is concerned with the disutility of travel, and the perspective on the positive utility. A conceptual model is accordingly developed and then adjusted considering different purposes of travel. The purpose-specific models are tested through a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach in Seoul, Korea, using datasets from a sample survey and geographic information systems. The major finding is that land use affects the utility mainly by changing synergy and affective utility rather than instrumental utility, which encompasses disutility variables. Among land use variables, the utility is found to be the most sensitive to the number of transit facilities for commuting and shopping travel and land use balance for leisure travel.     

A multiobjective land development optimization model: the case of New Castle County,Delaware

This paper develops a multiobjective optimization model to consider transportation impacts of the future development of land. The output of the model is the best location and type of land use that has minimal negative transportation effects and uses the maximum available public transportation infrastructure. It provides tools for both planners and transportation engineers and enables them to consider different scenarios of possible policies and land development. Since multiple objectives and their nonlinear structures are considered, the model is solved using mixed integer nonlinear programming. The final results are shown in both tabular and graphical format. The effectiveness of the model is applied to the northern part of New Castle County, Delaware. The results show that the model successfully finds the best locations for both residential and commercial land uses in order to meet several criteria discussed in the paper.     

A model for the biaxial dynamic bending of unbonded flexible pipes

An analytical model is given to investigate the behavior of unbonded flexible pipes under biaxial dynamic bending. The stick-slip conditions of each wire are studied in the framework of incremental analysis by an operator splitting of the time step into a stick-state prediction and a slip-state correction step. The tension gradient is calculated using the classical return-mapping algorithm and the obtained tension gradients are integrated numerically to find the axial tension by imposing appropriate boundary conditions. From the axial tension the bending moments with respect to the principal bending axes of the pipe are obtained. Poisson's effect, bending induced tension in the wire, shear deformations of the supporting plastic layer and the changes of the effective torsion and curvature increments of the wire after slip occurs are taken into account in the model. The results of bending moment–curvature relationship from this model are compared with the test data from simple bending and good correlations are found. The comparison of the biaxial bending moment results between this model and the available model also shows good agreement.     

Young people and the private car: A love-hate relationship

Urban mobility is one of the main concerns of the public authorities in developed countries. In France, household travel surveys are conducted every ten years in major cities to gather weekday mobility data. They enable decision-makers to better understand travel patterns, their change and their determinants, in order to adapt transport infrastructures to the population′s needs. While the automobile has allowed the level of mobility to increase since 1950, an unexpected finding has emerged from recent surveys in most developed countries, namely that there has been a marked decline in car use. Analyses show that this trend is mainly because young adults (18–34 years old) are less likely to acquire a driver′s license. This paper tries to better understand the decrease in the rate of driver′s license holding among young adults in the Lyon conurbation and to quantify the impact of the main explanatory factors in a temporal perspective. It also aims to analyze the consequences of this trend on private car use as a driver for daily trips. It quantifies the influence of economic, socio-demographic and spatial factors on driver ′ s license holding and car use by considering the responses to the last three household travels surveys conducted in the Lyon conurbation area (1995, 2006 and 2015). The temporal dimension allows us to highlight a change in the relationship between young adults and the private car in the French context.     

水泥混凝土路面的病害防止与维修

分析水泥混凝土路面的病害,针对各种病害,提出维修方法。     

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加拿大阿尔伯塔省经济的飞速发展，使得为全省制定合理的交通规划成为一项迫切的任务，在这种情况下，本文提出了全省的土地利用交通模型。该模型以PECAS（生产、交易和消费分派系统）结构为基础，实质是在整体经济的前提下考虑基本的交通需求（商品、服务、劳动力交换的流通过程）而进行交通规划。生产、交易和消费分派系统是一种空间经济模拟系统，它侧重交通规划和发展规划，近几年在美国提出并在一些州和城市得到应用。阿尔伯塔省土地利用交通模型受其模型建立基础，尤其是MEPLAN 和TRANUS模型的影响，但该模型在理论基础和行为描述上都做了明显的改进。本文从数据源和标定方法方面介绍加拿大阿尔伯塔省的土地利用交通模型的建立和发展。     

BRT推动TOD在我国适用性研究

随着我国经济日新月异的发展，城市化和机动化的现象越来越不可忽视。随之而来的是城市无序蔓延，交通、能源和环境问题日益突出。因此，我们的城市中心地带交通拥堵、空气质量恶化已成为重大难题。为了解决这些问题，研究了世界上其他类似国家和地区，吸取他们的经验和教训，提出了用快速公交推动城市发展的建议。论文分析了快速公交和公交引导发展的优势及适用性，比较了快速公交和其他公交模式的差异，最后建议在我国现阶段用快速公交来引导发展，结合土地使用和城市规划，实现城市的健康、高效、可持续发展。