The asymmetric effects of gasoline prices on public transportation use in Taiwan

This study investigates the asymmetric effects of gasoline prices on public transportation use in Taiwan. The empirical results obtained are as follows. First, we verify that gasoline price is an important determinant of transit demand. Gasoline prices have significantly positive effects on bus and mass rapid transit (MRT) use. Second, MRT ridership is more sensitive than bus and railway ridership to gasoline price and income. In the face of oil prices escalation and economic growth, the MRT system should have higher priority in public transportation planning. Third, the effects of gasoline prices on bus and MRT use are asymmetric. Bus and MRT use increases faster when gasoline prices rise than it decreases when gasoline prices fall. The transit agencies should adjust operating strategies faster in the rising of oil prices than in the falling of oil prices. It is important for transit planning to use oil prices as signals and increase the flexibility of operation in dealing with the changes in ridership. Some strategies, such as enhancing the availability of transfer information and updating transit information timely, are helpful to move passengers efficiently.     

玻璃钢夹砂管在洋山深水港区的应用

通过对玻璃钢夹砂管与钢筋混凝土排水管的综合性能比较及对玻璃钢夹砂管施工工艺的现场测试,得出“玻璃钢夹砂管完全适用于港口工程的排水管道”的结论。     

砂土地基上人工湖防渗方案的技术分析与经济比较

根据深厚砂土地基的特性,提出两类防渗处理方案(柔性方案、刚性方案),并对其进行技术分析与经济比较,择优选定设计方案。     

Environmental justice and hazmat transport: A spatial analysis in southern California

This paper explores whether the risk of a toxic release during transport is greater in poor and minority neighborhoods using a combination of mapping and statistical methods. Cluster analysis is used to examine the density of facilities and transport spill events as well as test for the spatial covariance between facilities and spills. Strong clustering of transport spills is evident, as well as clustering between factory sites and transport spills. A spatial model demonstrates raised rates of transport spills surrounding clusters of toxic firms. Most spills in Los Angeles occurred within 2 km of an intermodal facility. The last step of the analysis compares risk and facility clustering between neighborhoods and socio-economic groups, finding that hazmat spills during transport disproportionately occur in Latino neighborhoods in Los Angeles. The results clarify the spatial distribution of risk and nuisance from freight in urban landscapes.     

便携式直流低电阻测量仪

根据机车检修工作的实际需要自制了便携式直流低电阻测量仪。该测量仪以单片机为核心,采用伏安法测量电阻,具有结构简单,性能可靠,使用方便等特点。     

基于雨流计数法的弹性链型柔性悬挂接触网疲劳寿命分析

采用APDL语言编制命令流,对弹性链型悬挂接触网的接触线进行疲劳寿命估算。文中给出了求解接触线寿命的步骤,采用改进的雨流计数法处理接触线的疲劳应力谱,得到各单元的各级应力幅值、应力均值与相应的应力循环数,用Miner线性疲劳累积损伤理论得到接触线各单元的疲劳寿命值。在相同参数的条件下,分析了影响接触线寿命的因素,包括跨距、接触线和承力索预张力、截面面积、列车行驶速度、抬升力、干摩擦等,比较简单链型和弹性链型悬挂接触网对接触线寿命的影响,对比各种参数找出影响接触线疲劳寿命的几个关键因素,为弹性链型悬挂接触网系统的设计和工程实际施工与维护提供重要依据。     

考虑轮对弹性的轮轨接触点算法

研究轮对动力学相关问题时要考虑轮对的弹性变形,本文在传统迹线法的基础上发展一种考虑轮对弹性的轮轨接触点计算方法。该方法通过计算滚动圆上的点和该点在轨道上的投影点的法向矢量确定可能接触点,形成接触迹线,根据迹线和轨道型面的垂向最小距离确定最终的接触点。利用该方法,本文建立单轮对刚柔耦合系统动力学方程来求解轮轨接触点,并通过刚性轮对与弹性轮对的计算结果对比,讨论轮对弹性变形对接触点位置和轮轨蠕滑率的影响。结果表明,该方法可有效解决考虑轮对弹性的轮轨接触计算问题。     

柔性立管阻力特性试验数据处理技术

本文提出3种数据处理方法分析均匀来流中柔性立管的初始阻力特性。首先通过分析柔性立管在均匀来流中的变形及振动情况,分离出立管流向的初始变形对应的弯曲应变。根据复杂梁的弯曲变形理论,建立起弯曲应变与平均阻力之间的微分方程。随后,针对试验中获取的立管轴向力及立管表面弯曲应变,提出计算平均阻力的数据处理方法,并进行算例验证与分析。最终使用提出的数据处理方法分析试验数据,得到立管表面各截面处的阻力分布。     

基于多源数据的无锡轨道交通客流特征分析

无锡轨道交通线网已经初步形成,但整体线网负荷强度偏低。为提高轨道交通规划管理水平,有必要对轨道交通客流特征进行研究。基于居民出行调查、地铁乘客出行特征调查、轨道交通 AFC 数据等多源数据,分析无锡市轨道交通客流特征、轨道交通与土地利用的协调关系、轨道交通与其他交通方式一体化水平等,并与上海、广州、深圳、成都等城市进行对比分析。结果表明,轨道交通线网的平均乘距为 8.4 km,可较好地服务于核心区与外围组团间的中长距离出行;沿线开发强度、居住和岗位覆盖率偏低,影响轨道可服务人群数量;与常规公交等交通方式衔接不足,降低轨道交通快速出行竞争优势。研究建议无锡市应重点加强轨道交通与城市空间的耦合,提高沿线开发强度,协调轨道交通与其他交通方式的衔接,充分发挥轨道交通效能。     

城轨试车线低净空接触网悬挂解决方案

结合城市轨道交通工程现场实施情况,系统论述了接触网安装条件,提出了3种接触网低净空解决方案,并对3种方案进行了技术经济比较。