大粒径沥青混合料基层施工压实控制研究

结合沪蓉西高速公路宜长试验段采用大粒径沥青混合料(LSAM)作为柔性基层的实例,采用核子密度仪进行施工压实度跟踪检测。检测结果表明:胶轮压路机对LSAM压实度的提高作用不明显;LSAM-30一次性铺筑13.5cm仍能保证其具有较好的压实性能;核子密度仪测得LSAM压实度有较高水平且有减小趋势时,应立即停止碾压。另外,对LSAM压实度"超百"现象进行了研究,指出对于LSAM基于旋转压实仪的标准密度能更好地指导现场施工。     

冷再生沥青混合料性能评价

从基层材料的功能要求出发,评价了乳化沥青冷再生混合料的高温性能、劈裂强度和水稳定,从而论证冷再生沥青混合料用作高速公路沥青路面基层材料的可行性。通过马歇尔稳定度试验和劈裂强度试验评价了冷再生混合料的强度性能,确定了混合料的最佳沥青用量;用车辙试验检验了再生混合料的高温稳定性;用冻融劈裂试验评价了再生混合料的水稳定性。研究发现,冷再生混合料的最佳沥青用量为(纯沥青油石比)2.5%;最佳油石比下,冷再生混合料车辙动稳定度均大于3000次/mm,冻融劈裂残余劈裂强度比为97.39%。结果表明,所设计的冷再生混合料具有较高的力学强度,优良的高温性能和水稳定性,能够用于铺筑高速公路沥青路面基层。     

缅甸曼德勒大桥钢梁合龙技术

缅甸曼德勒大桥结构为刚性拱柔性梁,施工时先合龙边拱后合龙中拱。根据钢梁的结构、施工条件和自然环境特点,制定科学、经济、可靠的施工技术,在不施加外力的情况下,仅通过调整三向位移实现钢梁合龙的零误差。介绍该桥钢梁合龙技术。     

大城市实施BRT效果仿真评价研究

BRT是解决大城市交通拥堵问题、实现城市可持续发展的一项重要措施.基于系统动力学理论,建立了土地利用与交通系统关系模型,并采用上海市出行人次实际数据和拟合数据的对比,验证了模型的有效性;采用所建立的土地利用与交通系统关系模型进行预测,得出当前发展趋势下不采取任何措施和实施BRT措施的未来年路网服务水平指标,通过比较BRT方式在吸引不同比例客流情况下地面客流重新分配后路网服务水平的变化,对BRT的实施效果进行仿真评价.     

柔性基础下刚性桩复合地基的工作性状

采用数值方法,考虑复合地基、垫层和基础之间的共同作用,对柔性基础下刚性桩复合地基桩侧摩阻力、桩身轴向应力、桩端刺入变形等工作性状进行了研究;讨论了基础弹性模量、基础高度、基础宽度、桩体弹性模量、置换率、土体弹性模量等因素对复合地基工作性状的影响;最后通过归一化分析提出了可反映基础相对刚度的量纲一的参数K,并讨论了不同基础相对刚度下桩端上刺变形的变化趋势。结果表明:基础弹性模量并不是区分柔性基础与刚性基础的惟一指标,采用"基础相对刚度"的概念比仅考虑基础自身刚度的概念更具有合理性。     

土工格室柔性搭板处治的路桥过渡段差异沉降三维数值分析

应用MARC软件,建立路桥过渡段差异沉降的三维计算模型。基于该模型及不同的地基沉降模式,分别对土工格室加筋体和柔性搭板消化地基沉降、协调和控制桥头差异沉降的作用机理及其对地基沉降的适应性进行了三维数值仿真分析。结果表明:土工格室复合体限制了周围土体的侧向变形,减小了路堤本身的压缩变形;同时,土工格室柔性搭板能有效地阻止上层土体向下沉降,减小路基竖向应力,使得桥台与路堤之间的沉降差在较广的范围内得到平缓过渡。     

缆索护栏安全性能研究

缆索护栏是柔性护栏的一种,具有缓冲能力强、适应性强、造价低、美观通透等优点,在国内外曾经使用过,最根本的是它对车辆及乘原的安全性能。本文通过实车与多种结构的足尺缆索护栏进行碰撞试验,对获得的碰撞车辆和假人各项试验数据进行分析,能够较为准确的研究缆索护栏安全性能,总结缆索护栏的优缺点以及近年来在国内的应用情况。结果表明缆索护栏具有很广泛的应用前景,而其安全防护性能需要更深一步进行研究。     

桥头跳车问题研究综述

该文在查阅大量资料基础上,对桥头过渡段沉降控制指标、地基沉降控制方法、台背填料处理方法及桥台和桥头过渡段路基刚柔过渡的方法等桥头跳车问题进行分析,简要介绍了其研究现状,并提出了研究方法和方向。     

An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation

This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics, neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels.     

Traditional neighborhoods and commuting in the San Francisco Bay area

Neo-traditional designs, proponents argue, reduce dependency on the automobile and provide attractive environments for walking, bicycling, and transit riding. This paper explores the extent to which this proposition holds for seven traditional neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area that evolved around early streetcar services. Matched-pair comparisons of modal shares and trip generation rates for work trips are made between these neighborhoods and newer auto-oriented suburbs, controlling for the effects of income and, to a lesser extent, existing bus service levels. Pedestrian/bicycle modal shares and trip rates tended to be considerably higher, in some cases five time as high, in transit-oriented than in the paired auto-oriented neighborhood. Transit neighborhoods also averaged around 70 more daily transit work trips per 1,000 households than auto-oriented neighborhoods, though trip rates varied considerably among neighborhood pairs. Higher residential densities were also found to have a proportionately greater impact on transit commuting in transit-oriented than in auto-oriented neighborhoods. The paper concludes that in order to yield significant transportation benefits, neo-traditional development must be coordinated with larger regional planning efforts and public policy initiatives to reduce automobile dependency.