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Paul Van Seters 《Coastal management》2013,41(2):253-273
Abstract In June 1987, the U.S. Supreme Court in Nollan v. California Coastal Commission held against the California Coastal Commission. Did this legal landmark signal the rise of a new, conservative jurisprudence of takings? And if yes, did that imply the demise of what had been accomplished by the so‐called quiet revolution in land use control that swept the country in the late 1960s and early 1970s? The complexities of this case cannot be understood apart from the historical evolution of the Coastal Commission's policies through the 1970s and 1980s, particularly its coastal access policies. Because of these policies the Coastal Commission, since its inception in 1972, has been subjected to all kinds of criticism, but at the same time has been widely praised for its balanced approach. These varying assessments of the role and record of the Commission also underly the conflicting viewpoints and arguments of Justices Scalia, who wrote for the majority in Nollan, and Brennan, who filed an extremely strong dissent. The resulting legal uncertainties, added to the political setbacks suffered from a lukewarm legislature and a hostile governor, forced the Commission to temper its assertive mission of maximizing coastal access, at least for the time being. 相似文献
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Use of the private car is often viewed as highly problematic. It is regularly associated with global physical, social and ecological harms such as climate change and the high incidence of lifestyle diseases, including heart disease. Attempts to address these problems generally include provision for day-to-day physical mobility based on alternatives to the private car. Labelled alternative transport, these modes include public transport, walking and cycling. Yet the private car continues as the preferred way to travel in many cities. A deeper understanding of this preference can reveal under explored sites of resistance to alternative transport modes.This paper contributes to these understandings by examining the role the car as a time saving device plays in sustaining automobility. Its central proposition is that individual decisions to drive are not necessarily motivated by the desire to save time. The paper draws on empirical evidence on the journey to work in Australia’s largest city, Sydney. Using a systematic process of trip substitution analysis, a group of people were identified who could use alternative transport to get to work in the same amount of time it currently takes them to drive. These people then participated in a series of in-depth interviews where deeper attachments and motivations for private car use were explored.This approach has enabled development of the multi-layered understanding that informs the central proposition that individual decisions to drive are not necessarily motivated by the desire to save time. Instead, automobility is sustained by appeals to flexibility and autonomy, as well as the interminable pull of the sensory experience provided by the cocoon of the car. This way of thinking about resistance to alternative transport exposes a series of inconsistencies between the expectations of those planning for, and those anticipated to one day use, alternative transport. 相似文献
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基于非集计与弹性联合模型的交通需求分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着我国交通事业的蓬勃发展,人们对交通方式的需求正在不断发生变化。基于科学研究的交叉性和外延性,将不同研究领域已经基本成熟的模型,即微观经济学中的费用效益弹性理论模型和交通方式分布中的非集计模型(Logit模型)有机地结合并融为一体,得到一种联合模型,使其更容易将数据定量化、具体化。通过这个联合模型来分析交通需求并将与交通需求相关的因素进行对比,得出交通因素发生变化对交通需求者和供给者的影响。 相似文献
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大粒径沥青混合料基层施工压实控制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合沪蓉西高速公路宜长试验段采用大粒径沥青混合料(LSAM)作为柔性基层的实例,采用核子密度仪进行施工压实度跟踪检测。检测结果表明:胶轮压路机对LSAM压实度的提高作用不明显;LSAM-30一次性铺筑13.5cm仍能保证其具有较好的压实性能;核子密度仪测得LSAM压实度有较高水平且有减小趋势时,应立即停止碾压。另外,对LSAM压实度"超百"现象进行了研究,指出对于LSAM基于旋转压实仪的标准密度能更好地指导现场施工。 相似文献
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冷再生沥青混合料性能评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从基层材料的功能要求出发,评价了乳化沥青冷再生混合料的高温性能、劈裂强度和水稳定,从而论证冷再生沥青混合料用作高速公路沥青路面基层材料的可行性。通过马歇尔稳定度试验和劈裂强度试验评价了冷再生混合料的强度性能,确定了混合料的最佳沥青用量;用车辙试验检验了再生混合料的高温稳定性;用冻融劈裂试验评价了再生混合料的水稳定性。研究发现,冷再生混合料的最佳沥青用量为(纯沥青油石比)2.5%;最佳油石比下,冷再生混合料车辙动稳定度均大于3000次/mm,冻融劈裂残余劈裂强度比为97.39%。结果表明,所设计的冷再生混合料具有较高的力学强度,优良的高温性能和水稳定性,能够用于铺筑高速公路沥青路面基层。 相似文献
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