再生旧沥青混合料用做柔性基层研究

旧沥青混合料的再生利用可以节省建设投资,保护环境,文中介绍了旧沥青混合料残余性能的评价方法,冷拌结合料乳化沥青和稳定剂的选择。通过工程实例探讨了再生料用做柔性基层配合比设计的方法、原则,铺筑的施工工艺及其路用性能的检测跟踪。     

基于刚柔耦合多体动力学模型的配气机构计算

通过在配气机构多刚体模型中引入柔性体,描述了配气机构的动力学性能;建立了柔性体气门弹簧,分析了气门弹簧动刚度的非线性行为,并且依据模态技术计算得到其动态应力;该方法为优化设计配气机构等机械产品及对其进行疲劳性能研究提供了依据。     

城市交通复合系统协调度模型研究

将土地利用与城市交通系统看作一个复合系统,运用协同学理论和复合系统原理,选用在系统发展中起主导作用的指标作为模型序参量,构造了土地利用-城市交通协同协调度模型,该模型建立在土地利用与城市交通两子系统内部协调发展的基础之上,反映了土地利用与城市交通系统协调发展的程度和趋势。     

基于雨水资源化利用的城市排水系统优化设计

为解决城市日益突出的水资源危机以及现有雨洪排水系统所导致的城市水涝、城市生态环境恶化等一系列严重环境问题,提出了基于雨水资源化利用的城市雨洪排水系统优化设计方法,采取相应的工程措施,将汛期雨水“先就地利用,后排出,再蓄积调节利用”。该方法可以达到节约城市生活饮用水资源并减轻防洪压力的目的。     

Effects of economic disincentives on private car use

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of economic disincentives on private car use. Eighty two-adult households who were owners of at least one car were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. Both experimental and control groups logged their car trips during one week before, one week during, and one week after treatment. The treatment consisted of charging two of the experimental groups approximately 100% of normal cost per kilometer of driving during 2 weeks, and charging the third experimental group this amount per kilometer of driving during 4 weeks. With the purpose of investigating whether deliberate planning increases the effect of economic disincentives, the households in one of the former and in the latter group were asked to fill out a prospective car log for the following week. The control group was not charged or requested to fill out a prospective car log but was in other respects treated in the same way. Analyses of the car logs and odometer readings during and at the end of treatment showed a weak reduction of car use due to the economic disincentives that however were almost completely dependent on planning.     

Using the built environment to oversample walk,transit, and bicycle travel

Characteristics of the built environment (BE) have been associated with walk, transit, and bicycle travel. These BE characteristics can be used by transportation researchers to oversample households from areas where walk, transit, or bicycle travel is more likely, resulting in more observations of these uncommon travel behaviors. Little guidance, however, is available on the effectiveness of such built environment oversampling strategies. This article presents measures that can be used to assess the effectiveness of BE oversampling strategies and inform future efforts to oversample households with uncommon travel behaviors. The measures are sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and positive predictive value (PPV). To illustrate these measures, they were calculated for 10 BE-defined oversampling strata applied post-hoc to a Seattle area household travel survey. Strata with an average block size of <10 acres within a ¼ mile of household residences held the single greatest potential for oversampling households that walk, use transit, and/or bicycle.     

中小城市公交场站用地指标研究

国内目前针对中小城市公交场站的研究不足,中小城市场站建设缺乏科学指导,场站用地难以得到保障.结合中小城市公交发展特点及场站模式,通过科学的分析计算,确定场站停车坪、建筑用地、场前区及绿化用地规模,探讨与之相符的中小城市公交场站用地指标,对于中小城市场站规划建设具有一定的现实意义.     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

乙二醇型汽车发动机冷却液的检测和正确使用

发动机的正常运转与发动机冷却液密不可分,本文主要探讨了乙二醇型汽车发动机冷却液的科学检测和正确使用。发动机冷却液,俗称防冻液,是发动机正常运转不可缺少的散热介质,能保持发动机在最有利的工作温度范围内运行,避免因发动机温度过高或过低带来的不良后果。根据发动机运行的情况对冷却液进行科学的检测、正确的使用和更换会直接影响发动机的使用寿命。     

网络化汽车检测站

简要介绍了汽车综合性能检测站的全自动检测网络的设计、网络系统的结构形成、系统的软、硬件配置等。