What does a one-month free bus ticket do to habitual drivers? An experimental analysis of habit and attitude change

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a temporary structural change would induce a lasting increase in drivers' public transport use. An experiment targeting 43 drivers was carried out, in which a one-month free bus ticket was given to 23 drivers in an experimental group but not to 20 drivers in a control group. Attitudes toward, habits of, and frequency of using automobile and bus were measured immediately before, immediately after, and one month after the one-month long intervention. The results showed that attitudes toward bus were more positive and that the frequency of bus use increased, whereas the habits of using automobile decreased from before the intervention, even one month after the intervention period. Furthermore, the increase in habitual bus use had the largest effect on the increase in the frequency of bus use. The results suggest that a temporary structural change, such as offering auto drivers a temporary free bus ticket, may be an important travel demand management tool for converting automotive travel demand to public-transport travel demand.     

机油泵试验台的柔性设计

通过对多品种机油泵进出油道流向的分析,设计出新结构的涡壳和通道板;更换主动齿轮结构,以适应不同产 品传动齿轮中心距的变化;采用大小流量切换系统,适应不同产品流量的测试,实现了多品种产品出厂性能试验。     

如何延长汽车轮胎的使用寿命

在汽车运输中,轮胎的使用与维护常常被忽视,因此使轮胎的使用寿命达不到应有的水平。针对这一问题,分析了汽车轮胎损坏的直接原因,介绍了汽车轮胎的正确使用方法与日常维护的注意事项,以期达到延长轮胎使用寿命及降低运输成本的目的。     

MARINI MP100型沥青混合料拌和设备的安装、调试和运用

对MARINI MP100型沥青混合料拌和设备安装程序、调试原则以及实际运用中需注意的事项进行了归纳和总结，对同行有一定的借鉴作用。     

成都地铁单程票使用比例的线性回归分析

单程票的使用比例不仅关系到地铁乘客出行的购票、乘车时间,还关系到AFC系统的使用效率和设备机械部件的寿命,对票务运营的压力也产生直接的影响。预测单程票使用比例对票务营销、客运组织决策有很大帮助。针对单程票使用比例建立数学模型,为今后的票务运营统计工作起一定的指导作用。     

矿物绝缘电缆在地铁车站应用分析

矿物绝缘电缆是一种无机材料电缆,抗材料老化优于有机绝缘电缆,很难引发火灾或传播火焰,不会放出烟雾和有害气体。矿物绝缘电缆使用寿命较长,载流量大,且可经受较大的冲击力。但矿物绝缘电缆存在施工难度较大,安装要求较高等缺点。对矿物绝缘电缆与普通塑胶绝缘电缆进行了经济技术比较,分析其在地铁车站应用的可行性。     

广州市轨道交通接触网形式选择

介绍广州市轨道交通接触网系统的应用情况、设计原则、技术参数,通过对柔性架空接触网、刚性架空接触网、接触轨3种形式在广州市轨道交通的应用情况,说明这3种形式的技术成熟可靠,应结合城市规划、安全防护、经济投资、运营方式、线路特征等进行合理选择,并提出广州市轨道交通接触网形式选择的原则。     

弹性背腔穿孔管水消声器有限元分析

为提高穿孔管水消声器的消声性能,利用结构声耦合数值分析模型探究弹性壁与水介质的耦合作用对消声器传递损失的影响,分析弹性背腔腔壁的厚度和弹性模量以及采用弧形背腔时的弧形半径对消声性能的影响。数值分析研究结果表明:较刚性背腔条件下,弹性背腔穿孔管水消声器的低频吸声效果得到明显提高;减小弹性背腔壁的厚度和采用更小弹性模量的橡胶材料,或者采用较小半径的弧形弹性背腔可以降低弹性背腔穿孔管水消声器的吸声频率。同时,吸声效果也得到提高。     

基于关键客流密度选择支路公交运营模式的方法

公交支线采用灵活式运营模式,可以通过接驳点将所服务区与交通网连接起来,为乘客提供更有效快捷的运行方式.但在实际的设计和运营过程中,往往很难选择运用何种模式更合适.鉴于此,提出公交运营模式选择模型以协助决策者做出更合理的选择.采用连续近似方法估算关键需求密度,通过分析单车辆和双车辆情况下的运营参数,比较模拟生成的值,验证分析建模方法的有效性.     

Population ageing,gender and the transportation system

Across the globe population structures are ageing and how older men and women interact with the transport system is increasingly important in maintaining a good quality of life and inclusion in society. The paper reviews three issues: the nature of older people’s interaction with the transport system by gender; older people’s attitude to travel; and the involvement of older people as road traffic casualties. Patterns of travel in the UK show that older people are heavily dependent on car use, but in the form of more frequent but shorter journeys than younger people. This is especially so for women over 70 years old who, as passengers, are very reliant on males to drive them. Attitudes suggest that there are few obstacles to public transport use, and most agree that bus travel is good, but convenience means many prefer cars. Involvement of older men and women in serious road traffic accidents show that they have lower killed and seriously injured (KSI) rates than 17–24 year old drivers. However, those aged over 70 years exhibit a trend of increasing KSI rates. Analysis of casualty rates of drivers by type of junction, manoeuvre and environmental conditions found that some gender-age groups are overrepresented in certain accident types, including higher serious accidents rates for men, and over representation of older women when driving in poor conditions and turning right and negotiating roundabouts, crossroads and T, Y and staggered junctions. Improvement in engineering design and driver training are suggested together with the need for a greater understanding of the transportation system needs of old and very old people.