永磁同步电机不同工况下定转子铁耗分析

永磁电机在不同的工况下产生的铁耗大小不尽相同.采用采样得到的驱动器供电下永磁电机实际电流作为激励,对电机进行二维有限元计算,分别获得了工作于空载、最大转矩电流比控制及弱磁不同工况下的磁密波形,进而计算铁耗.分别计算了12槽8极(分数槽)的试样永磁电机及24槽8极(整数槽)电机工作在不同工况下铁耗.通过二者比较分析铁耗产生的原因,经过与试验对比,结果表明该计算方式有较高的准确性,可以用于分析电机铁耗产生的原因及指导高效率电机的设计.     

Simulated responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading

A mathematical model was used to simulate monthly responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading over a 45-year period. We examined six hypothetical future scenarios that are based on observed and projected changes in the Mississippi River discharge, Mississippi River nitrate concentrations, and ambient water temperatures. In particular, we investigated the implications of a 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrogen flux, which was recently proposed by the Mississippi River Watershed/Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force as a measure to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone. Model simulations suggest that the frequency of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico is highly sensitive to variations in riverine nitrate flux, but also to variations in freshwater discharge and ambient water temperatures. A 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrate flux, for example, would reduce the frequency of hypoxia by 37%. Nevertheless, a 20% increase the Mississippi River discharge, which may occur under some climate change scenarios, would produce an increase in the frequency of hypoxia of the same magnitude. Thus, if the potential climatic variations are taken into account, a 30% decrease in the nitrogen flux of the Mississippi River may not be sufficient to accomplish the proposed hypoxia management goal.     

The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a particulate tracer in the water column of Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon

Time-series samples of settling particles were collected in the water column of Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon (KPSC) with two sediment traps on taut-line moorings deployed at two different depths (60 and 280 m) between May 26 and June 27, 2004. Average total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations of upper and lower trap array samples were 310 ± 61 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 200–440) and 240 ± 36 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 180–290), respectively. Principal component analysis results suggest that PAH sources in the trap-collected particles included diesel vehicle/coal burning, diagenetic sources, and petroleum release. PAH downward fluxes based on settling particles were estimated to be 12–44 μg m^− 2 d^− 1. These values are higher than those reported in the literature for most coastal areas. During the sampling period, both traps were significantly tilted by tidal current and fluctuated vertically. The upper traps experienced greater vertical movements, thus their particle characteristics (e.g., POC, particle mass, and fine particle fraction) varied more than those of the lower traps. Hourly depth variations of the tilted sediment trap array were echoed by the corresponding total PAH concentrations. Moreover, the PAH composition of the collected particles was related to the flow direction and speed. These observations suggest that PAHs can be used as an effective chemical tracer for the transport of terrestrial and marine particulates in a complex aquatic environment like Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon.     

液化蒸气爆炸——火球对人体的伤害评价

为了使操作及管理人员对液化蒸气爆炸所产生的火球对人体所造成的伤害有一个具体的评判标准,本文通过数学公式及计算,结合图表,将液化气体容量与伤害范围以及对人体的伤害程度联系起来。通过此评价方法,人们可以方便地了解到爆炸火球与人体伤害程度的关系,以求更好地避免人体伤亡。实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

交流异步电机直接转矩控制理论的研究

直接转矩控制是异步电机交流传动中一种新型控制方法，它充分利用逆变器的开关特点，引入容差控制概念，通过一些简单的计算和调节使异步电机的磁链和转矩在动态时按要求快速变化，因而具有高动态性能，控制电路简单的优点。对直接转矩控制系统的原理与理论作了深入的研究与探讨。     

直接磁场定向控制在主变流器中的应用

由于直接磁场定向控制是通过对电机的反馈测量而计算出用于控制算法的定子或转子磁链,具有对电机参数变化的自适应作用,因而更加适合于对控制性能要求较高的主变流器的应用.结合电机的电流模型对转子磁链进行辨识,在控制策略中设计了转速、电流、磁链等多个闭环,采用了简单实用的偏差电压解耦方式,构建了完整的控制方案.通过在150 kVA机组上的各种试验,结果表明该控制系统运行稳定、动态性能好,满足实际运用的要求.     

镇江地区沥青路面温度特征值分析

沥青混合料是一种对温度非常敏感的材料,研究其温度特征值对建立温度预估模型和路面设计都有重要意义。文中通过记录镇江地区沥青路面面层2007-12～2008-11全年路面温度变化数据,讨论了日路面温度随深度变化的规律,分析了正矩、负矩和热通量等特征值,得到正负矩的变化规律相同,春季路面温度变化幅度最大并且热传递速率最高,以及热通量变化规律等结论。     

提高双波峰焊机焊接质量的分析及方法

主要叙述了有关双波峰焊机各技术参数对焊接质量的影响，对关键技术方面进行了相应的分析。分别从焊接前的质量控制、工艺材料及工艺参数等几个方面探讨了如何提高波峰焊质量的有效方法，围绕如何用好波峰焊机，充分发挥其内在的潜力，提出一些见解。     

Recycling of aluminum from fibre metal laminates

Recycling of aluminum alloy scrap obtained from delaminated fibre metal laminates (FMLs) was studied through high temperature refining in the presence of a salt flux. The aluminum alloy scrap contains approximately mass fraction w(Cu) = 4.4%, w(Mg) = 1.1% and w(Mn) = 0.6% (2024 aluminum alloy). The main objective of this research is to obtain a high metal yield, while maintaining its original alloy compositions. The work focuses on the metal yield and quality of recycled Al alloy under different refining conditions. The NaCl-KCl salt system was selected as the major components of flux in the Al alloy recycling. Two different flux compositions were employed at NaCl to KCl mass ratios of 44:56 and 70:30 respectively, based on either the eutectic composition, or the European preference. Different additives were introduced into the NaCl-KCl system to study the effect of flux component on recycling result. Although burning and oxidation loss of the alloying elements during re-melting and refining take place as the drawbacks of conventional refining process, the problems can be solved to a large extent by using an appropriate salt flux. Experimental results indicate that Mg in the alloy gets lost when adding cryolite in the NaCl-KCl salt system, though the metal yield can reach as high as 98%. However, by adding w(MgF₂) = 5% into the NaCl-KCl salt system (instead of using cryolite) all alloying elements were well controlled to its original composition with a metal yield of almost 98%.