电力机车间接转矩控制中磁链观测器的研究

传统的直接转矩控制算法,限制了电力机车在低速段的控制性能。文章首先介绍了一种基于定子磁链定向的间接转矩控制算法,在此基础上研究了一种新型混合模型闭环磁链观测器,与传统磁链观测器相比,它有效减小了电流和转矩的波动,降低了电流谐波的含量,提高了电力机车的控制性能。最后在4 kW电机实验平台上进行了实验验证,实验结果证明了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

转向架构架探伤的交流电场探测法

从原理、组成设备、裂纹判断等方面对运用于转向架构架探伤上的新方法——交流电场探测法进行介绍。     

About process times in some deepwater formation events in the Mediterranean Sea

Experimental data gathered on some Mediterranean deepwater formation sites have been analysed in order to check the Chapman (Ch), Visbeck and Maxworthy scale laws, their final mixing water depth and process times estimates. All the analysed sites have a high probability to be “internally constrained” so that the baroclinic Rossby radius is the dominant horizontal length scale and the final chimney depth is independent of the rate of rotation as indicated by Visbeck and Maxworthy criteria; the Eady instability times are generally very fast (3/f) but the least final mixing process times are too long compared with the meteorological forcing ones. It is attempted here to identify some new criteria to give some insight on the processes time scale, which is still an open problem. Conclusions about the Rhodes gyre appear questionable, because the experimental data appear inconsistent with any theoretical criterion.     

灌河口盐、悬沙通量的分解及时空特征

灌河是江苏省北部目前唯一没有在干流建闸的入海河流,拥有广阔的滩涂和优良的航运条件。河口通量是河口治理和河口环境保护中的关键要素。为研究灌河口的盐及悬沙的输运,基于实测资料利用通量分解方法对灌河的盐及悬沙通量的空间分布、大-小潮与潮内的时间变化特征进行了探讨。研究认为：在口门以内的弯曲河段,盐通量在凸岸浅水区一般指向下游,在凹岸深槽处则指向上游。大、小潮期间悬沙通量则基本上为左侧指向上游、右侧指向下游;口外盐通量方向为NNE-NE,而且随径流量大小而稍有改变,口外悬沙通量方向在远岸区域表现为WNW-NNE,近岸G2测点的悬沙通量则指向口门;口门内外盐和悬沙通量的组成均基本以T1、T2和T4为主导,通量组成的总体特征在大、小潮期间基本类似。涨落潮流速最大时刻的悬沙通量不一定与流速方向一致,最大落潮流速时刻由于悬沙浓度可能小于平均值而导致悬沙净输运指向上游。     

黄骅港混凝土结构实体氯离子渗透性和强度的关系

对黄骅港某港区钢筋混凝土梁、板构件强度和电通量进行测试,比较梁、板构件混凝土强度和电通量的差异性。结果表明,混凝土强度差别不大时,电通量和强度没有对应关系;强度和电通量差别较大（超过5MPa）时,高强度对应低电通量。     

磁道钉的磁感应强度实验研究

磁道钉是基于磁信号导航的自动公路系统最重要的道路引导标志.文章介绍了用作磁道钉的永磁材料的主要性能,如剩磁、矫顽力和磁能积及稳定性,并以此为主要内容研究磁道钉的永磁特性;利用三通道高斯计测试不同型号的磁道钉的磁感应强度,包括X、Y、Z方向分量,得到其磁场分布数据及分布曲面图.提出了针对测试区域中任一位置的磁感应强度X、Z分量值,利用整个测试区域的磁感应强度X、Z方向分量数据,得到横向偏差的确定方法.     

动车组用异步牵引电机转速的估计方法

总结了动车组已有的异步电机转速估计方法,简要分析了增量型转速编码器的3种测速方法．在T法测速的基础上,提出了一种实现电动车组用异步牵引电机转速估计的方法,该方法在低速区和转速调节的动态过程中效果显著,并且转速估计的准确性不受牵引电机参数变化的影响．通过对转速的估计,间接矢量控制中转子磁场定向的准确度也大大提高．以国产先锋号电动车组为例,在Matlab／Simulink下进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性．     

三峡明渠汛期通航技术研究

全面介绍了三峡明渠汛期通航条件,论证了采用大功率推轮换推与施绞相结合措施,把明渠通航流量提高到３５０００ｍ３／ｓ的可行性,为制定换推、绞滩方案提供科学依据     

内伶仃洋水域洪枯季余流及净潮通量时空变化特征

基于内伶仃洋水域4座观测站洪、枯季半月的连续观测资料,分析了该水域余流和净通量时空变化特征,探讨主要动力因子的作用规律。研究显示,内伶仃洋水域半月水深平均余流流速洪季不超过10 cm/s,枯季不超过5 cm/s,洪、枯季总体指向外海侧方向。湾顶水域水沙通量洪、枯季均呈自西向东净输运,且与径流动力呈强正相关。主槽水域接纳东、西两侧浅滩水沙后始终朝西南外海输送。西滩水域洪季水沙朝外海方向净输出,枯季变为朝西北侧上游方向净输送,洪、枯季均与径流动力呈强正相关;淇澳岛北侧西滩水域洪、枯季水沙通量均处于净输入状态,导致该水域不断淤浅。采用多元线性回归法对主槽水域表层余流与主要动力因子进行拟合分析,显示潮汐动力始终驱使表层水沙朝上游方向净输运,径流动力作用方向洪季指向外海、枯季指向上游,海面风则驱使表层水沙与自身方向保持一致;拟合公式中的常数反应了地转科氏力等综合作用下的内伶仃洋水域表层水沙西南向输运规律,且枯季较洪季更为明显。     

Top-down effects and carbon flux in the ocean: A hypothesis

The close relationships between mesozooplankton, chlorophyll, and primary production normally observed across latitudes may be regarded as a bottom-up effect of increased productivity or, conversely, as a top-down effect of mesozooplankton on microzooplankton, releasing phytoplankton growth. The time-course of primary producers and mesozooplankton observed during the Late Winter Bloom in subtropical waters suggests a top-down effect, similar to the results found in lakes and mesocosm experiments. Two scenarios were observed during the development of the bloom in the Canary Island waters. The first was the increase in mesozooplankton as the effect of higher primary production due to mixing. The second scenario was the decrease in mesozooplankton due to the top-down effect of predation by diel vertical migrants upon epipelagic mesozooplankton. The structure of the food web in the euphotic zone was different depending on the presence or not of mesozooplankton, suggesting important consequences for the transport of carbon in those large areas of the ocean.