Two-dimensional numerical simulation and experiment on strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions

A constrained interpolation profile (CIP)-based Cartesian grid method for strongly nonlinear wave–body interaction problems is presented and validated by a newly designed experiment, which is performed in a two-dimensional wave channel. In the experiment, a floating body that has a rectangular section shape is used. A superstructure is installed on the deck and a small floating-body freeboard is adopted in order to easily obtain water-on-deck phenomena. A forced oscillation test in heave and a wave–body interaction test are carried out. The numerical simulation is performed by the CIP-based Cartesian grid method, which is described in this paper. The CIP scheme is applied in the Cartesian grid-based flow solver. New improvements of the method include an interface-capturing method that applies the tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) scheme and a virtual particle method for the floating body. The efficiency of the THINC scheme is shown by a dam-breaking computation. Numerical simulations on the experimental problem for both the forced oscillation test and the wave–body interaction test are carried out, and the results are compared to the measurements. All of the comparisons are reasonably good. It is shown, based on the numerical examples, that the present CIP-based Cartesian grid method is an accurate and efficient method for predicting strongly nonlinear wave–body interactions.     

声辐射问题的一种新的无限元方法

声波在无限大外域中的传播和衰减问题是研究声与结构相互作用的重要基础。该文提出了一种新的声无限单元耦合有限元方法于外域声辐射问题的计算。应用加权残值法推导了声无限单元的刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,选取的形函数及权函数充分考虑了外域声传播的基本特点及无穷远辐射边界条件。计算实例表明这种方法对于求解无界域声场问题是非常有效的。     

一种计算吊舱与螺旋桨相互干扰的新方法

为了计算吊舱推进器的非定常水动力性能,建立了用诱导速度势处理吊舱和螺旋桨非定常相互干扰的方法,并和用诱导速度处理两者相互干扰的方法作了对比分析.讨论了两种方法的数值计算中为了避免奇异性而对一些参数的设定方法.经过用两种方法对均匀来流和非均匀来流条件下水动力性能的计算比较,发现两种方法的计算结果很接近,并与模型试验结果吻合得很好,但用诱导速度势的方法编程工作量较诱导速度方法少,而且还可节省大量的计算时间和存储空间,是一种计算吊舱推进器和其他组合推进器水动力性能相对简单而且有效的方法.     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

浅水域结构流固耦合振动的固有频率计算

本文首先建立了浅水域声学边界元方程和相应的FEM/BEM耦合振动方程,探讨了水深对结构振动固有频率和振型的影响,流体可压缩性对结构振动固有频率的影响.研究结果表明:水深变化对结构固有频率有影响,随着水深减小,结构固有频率降低,特别是当水深与结构浸深接近时,水深变化对固有频率影响极大,且振型顺序也可能发生变化;而流体的可压缩性对于浅水域结构固有频率影响不大.     

几种自升式平台桩土作用有限元简化方法的比较

文章以某一自升式海洋平台桩腿结构作为研究对象,在分析环境载荷作用下自升式海洋平台桩腿—土相互作用机理的基础上,结合通用有限元软件ANSYS,对于如何在有限元建模中正确地考虑桩腿—土的相互作用的问题进行了研究,建立了完整的海洋平台桩腿模型,并分别采用了三种不同的有限元建模方法来模拟土层和桩腿之间的相互作用,通过有限元计算结果与实际检测样本数据的比较,分析了三种简化方法的准确性和可行性。     

考虑流体-桩-土相互作用的独桩平台波浪响应的TMD 控制研究

采用调谐质量阻尼器对独桩平台的波浪响应进行控制，在对受控结构的波浪响应进行随机振动分析时，考虑了流体－桩土桩互作用的影响，通过一算例具体讨论了TMD的参数对控制效果的影响，计算经表明，适当选择TMD的参数可有效地控制独桩平台的波浪响应，因此TMD在简易平台的振动控制领域有着良好的应用前景。     

基于单向求解、双向流固耦合的悬臂平板绕流涡激振动特性对比研究

本文采用双向流固耦合研究一端固定的二维平板(展向无限长)涡激振动特性,通过流场和结构之间力和位移的相互传递来实现双向耦合。同时,对不同雷诺数下的平板绕流涡激振动进行了计算,并与单向求解算法进行了对比。计算结果表明,当涡脱落频率接近结构固有频率时,将出现频率锁定现象,同时结构将产生极大的位移响应。在锁定雷诺数区域中,双向流固耦合结构位移响应明显小于单向求解算法,而在其他非锁定区间,两种算法差别较小。     

螺旋桨低频宽带噪声影响参数研究与流—声多目标优化设计

文章以谱方法为理论基础,以条带法为数值求解方法,针对Sears力响应函数引入厚度修正,建立了螺旋桨低频宽带噪声理论预报方法.通过对比10叶模型螺旋桨水筒试验数据,验证了厚度修正的效果,厚度修正后总声级误差由2 dB减少至1.1 dB.文中利用厚度修正后的预报方法,从三个层次六个方面对影响螺旋桨低频宽带噪声的参数进行研究,并实现了流-声多目标优化设计:(1)单个螺旋桨影响参数灵敏度分析:①外半径型值对总声级影响较大,而内半径几乎没有影响.②利用Sobol灵敏度分析法对两个不同叶数螺旋桨的流场参数和螺旋桨参数进行研究发现:不同桨叶下各参数影响因子几乎一致,来流速度对于螺旋桨低频宽带总声级有最大贡献,约为30％的正效应,其次是湍流度约为22％的正效应,而湍流积分长度仅占7％的负效应.(2)单个螺旋桨流—声多目标优化设计研究:以NSGA-Ⅱ为优化算法,结合非定常面元法和低频宽带噪声预报方法,实现流-声多目标优化设计.(3)多个螺旋桨相对关系稳健性分析:对不同螺旋桨低频宽带噪声相对关系稳健性进行研究,分析湍流积分长度和湍流度变化的影响.该文的研究成果为下一步将低频宽带噪声纳入螺旋桨设计考核指标奠定了理论基础.     

流体域特性对流固耦合振动计算的影响

船舶结构的水下振动预报一直受到广泛的重视,计算机技术的发展使得有限元法成为求解复杂船舶结构流振耦合振动的有效方法。本文基于船体结构与周围流体介质的耦合作用建立典型圆柱壳流固耦合振动计算的有限元模型,重点分析流体域边界处理方式、流体域形状、流体域范围对耦合振动计算结果的影响,提出合理的流体域建模方法。同时分析流体网格控制方式对于耦合振动计算的影响,为水下结构物耦合振动分析提供参考。