沉箱结构的有限元分析

某码头为大直径圆沉箱重力墩式结构,应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,对沉箱结构建立三维有限元模型,分别按考虑地基与沉箱作用和不考虑地基与沉箱作用进行计算。计算与分析结果表明,2种算法上部结构的计算结果相近,不考虑沉箱与地基共同作用的底板内力过于保守。     

桩-土作用在大型旅客站房基础设计中的应用

当大型旅客站房基础与地下出站通道重叠时,由于地下出站通道刚度大、结构超长,且属半露天地下结构,对温度作用变化明显,利用传统的刚性固结模型对站房基础进行设计时较难得到合理的结果或造成巨大的浪费。论述桩-土作用机理的复杂性,并对桩-土作用力学模型进行分析。通过分布弹簧模型对旅客站房在温度作用下的结构内力进行分析,并与刚性固结模型计算结果进行对比,得出旅客站房基础设计考虑桩-土作用的合理化计算模式。     

填料性能对预应力锚拉式桩板墙影响的数值分析

预应力锚拉式桩板墙是一种得到广泛应用的新型支挡结构,本文通过建立耦合分析数值模型对桩板墙的受力特征进行了有限元分析。通过分析了解填料的力学参数(变形模量、摩擦角、粘聚力)对桩板墙位移、弯矩、土压力以及锚固端接触应力和自由段轴力的变化。揭示填料力学性能对预应力锚拉式桩板墙的影响,为类似工程的设计提供参考。     

单桩荷载传递法修正计算分析

基于层状地基采用双曲线模型为荷载传递函数,提出了用Mindlin解和桩土共同作用的联合方法对荷载传递法的进行修正,并计算分析了单桩承载特性。将Lee的方法与双曲线荷载传递函数相结合使得Lee方法中考虑土体横向连续性的优点得以发挥。将横向连续性与竖向连续性修正相结合得到修正荷载传递法,用编制的计算机程序进行了工程实例的计算,结果表明,计算结果与实测值较为接近,其土层的平均SPT值较小,土体较容易产生变形,当试验荷载较高时,可能造成桩周土与桩身之间的滑移。修正荷载传递法与未修正和仅进行竖向修正的荷载传递法相比具有一定的精确性,能更好地反映单桩承载特性,且适用于群桩的分析计算。     

大直径嵌岩灌注桩水平荷载试验研究

桩在水平荷载作用下的受力性状是一个复杂的桩土相互作用过程。本文结合工程实例,通过现场水平静载试验,实测得到了水平荷载作用下大直径嵌岩灌注桩桩土共同作用时的工作性状,分析了桩体水平力、位移与时程关系、水平力与位移梯度关系、临界承载力以及地基土的水平抗力比例系数。试验结果可为今后同类桩的设计与研究提供参考。建议采用位移控制设计桩基础。     

Tractor-semitrailer model for vehicles carrying liquids

This article presents a model for solving solid-fluid interactions in vehicles carrying liquids. A tractor-semitrailer model is developed by incorporating suspension systems and tire dynamics. Owing to the solid-fluid interaction, equations of motion for the vehicle system are coupled. To simplify the complicated solution procedure, the coupled equations are solved separately using two different codes. Each code is analyzed separately; but as the parameters of the two codes depend on each other, the codes must be connected at the end of each time step. To determine the dynamic behavior of the system, different braking moments are applied. As the braking moments increase, braking time decreases. However, it turns out that increasing the braking moment to more than a certain level produces no significant results. It is also shown that vehicles carrying fluids need a greater amount of braking moments in comparison to vehicles carrying solids during braking. In addition, as the level of the fluid inside the tanker increases, from one-third to two-third of the tanker's volume, the sloshing forces applied to the tanker's walls increase. It was also concluded that the strategy used in this article to solve for the solid-fluid interaction by incorporating vehicle dynamic effects represents an effective method for determining the dynamic behavior of vehicles carrying fluids in other critical maneuvers.     

Analysing Demand for Suburban Trips: A Mixed RP/SP Model with Latent Variables and Interaction Effects

We analyse mode choice behaviour for suburban trips in the Grand Canary island using mixed revealed preference (RP)/stated preference (SP) information. The SP choice experiment allowed for interactions among the main policy variables: travel cost, travel time and frequency, and also to test the influence of latent variables such as comfort. It also led to discuss additional requirements on the size and sign of the estimated model parameters, to assess model quality when interactions are present. The RP survey produced data on actual trip behaviour and was used to adapt the SP choice experiment. During the specification searches we detected the presence of income effect and were able to derive willingness-to-pay measures, such as the subjective value of time, which varied among individuals. We also studied the systematic heterogeneity in individual tastes through the specification of models allowing for interactions between level-of-service and socio-economic variables. We concluded examining the sensitivity of travellers’ behaviour to various policy scenarios. In particular, it seems that contrary to political opinion, in a crowded island policies penalising the use of the private car seem to have a far greater impact in terms of bus patronage than policies implying direct improvements to the public transport service.     

土-结构相互作用的桥梁多尺度建模与分析

考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)是地震激励下桥梁抗震性能评估的热难点之一.由于考虑土体影响多而建立的结构模型计算耗时极长,为了提高效率,现采用一致多尺度建模方法,将所研究部位建为实体单元,其他部位建为梁单元,单元之间采用适当的方法进行界面连接,保证宏观、精细单元间的变形协调,并对某一桥梁进行分析,验证了该方法的正确性.在此基础上,基于多尺度建模方法,建立三跨连续梁桥模型,对其进行弹塑性时程分析,对比分析考虑SSI和不考虑SSI效应的桥梁模型在地震激励下的响应结果,研究SSI效应对桥梁抗震性能的影响.结果表明:多尺度建模方法可以在保证计算精度的前提下有效地提高计算效率;考虑SSI效应能够有效地降低桥梁的抗震性能需求.因此,在设计时应加以考虑.     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.