汽车灯丝的断裂形式及特征分析

文章结合汽车灯泡的特性,探讨灯丝在正常使用过程中和肇事碰撞时的断裂形式,并对灯丝的断裂特征和断裂原因进行分析,为交通管理部门进行相关的事故原因调查提供技术支持。     

Airline energy efficiency measures using the Virtual Frontier Network RAM with weak disposability

In this paper, airline energy efficiency is divided into three stages: the operations stage, the services stage and the sales stage. Greenhouse gas emissions are treated as an undesirable output of the services stage. This new three-stage strategic operating framework is a modification of existing models. A new model, Virtual Frontier Network Range Adjusted Measure with weak disposability, is proposed to evaluate the efficiencies of 22 international airlines, from 2008 to 2012. The results show that the new model can establish more reasonable rankings and confirm new benchmarking airlines and that inclusion in the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme has had little influence on the improvement of airline energy efficiency.     

照明长度和亮度随车速变化的隧道照明智能控制系统研究

随着我国交通运输业日益发达,越来越多的公路隧道投入运营,其安全性和运营成本之间的矛盾也越来越受到关注,如何在保证隧道运营安全的前提下,尽可能的降低运营成本成为亟待解决的难题。本文从隧道照明安全节能的角度出发,提出一种根据车速改变加强照明区段长度的隧道照明控制系统,满足照明质量的同时进行隧道的"按需照明"。系统将车速信息分为50 km/h以下、50~70 km/h、70~90 km/h、90 km/h以上四个速度区段,每个速度区段设计不同的加强照明区段长度;通过电感式线圈检测进入隧道的车辆速度作为控制输入参数,控制相应区段进行照明。     

65Mn簧片螺母断裂失效分析

本文对重型卡车中使用的簧片螺母在装配过程中发生断裂事故进行了分析,结果表明,簧片螺母材质和硬度符合相关技术要求,金相组织为正常组织,引起断裂的主要原因为簧片螺母在酸洗或镀锌过程中产生吸氢,导致材料晶界脆化,在装配过程中受力发生脆性断裂。同时,分析了氢脆的原理,提出了避免氢脆事故出现的措施。     

沥青混凝土小梁断裂路径数值模拟研究

半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面是我国最为常见的路面结构形式,但沥青混凝土路面容易在使用过程中发生断裂,而沥青材料的疲劳断裂行为是半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面开裂的主要原因。通过使用扩展有限元方法对沥青混凝土三点预置缺口梁的疲劳裂纹扩展进行了数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与试验进行了对比,发现两者在断裂形态上非常相似,并且裂纹在最初几次载荷加载时扩展尺寸较大。     

不同沥青体分比环氧树脂沥青混合料的断裂性能研究

固化的环氧树脂沥青由树脂相与沥青相构成。该文介绍了其沥青混合料的断裂性能的试验研究。随着沥青用量的增加,则环氧树脂沥青基体逐渐从树脂相过渡到沥青相,相应其性能会发生很大变化。采用旋转压实成型半圆形试件,通过对0.250、0.400、0.500和0.571四种不同沥青体分比的环氧树脂沥青及AH-70普通沥青、SBS改性沥青混合料,进行-25℃、-15℃、-5℃和5℃四个温度下的三点弯曲对比试验研究,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)进行微观结构形态分析。研究表明,沥青体分比低于0.400时,环氧树脂沥青混合料的最大荷载、断裂能、断裂韧度与锯缝深度、与温度的关系的变化趋势均表现出与AH-70普通沥青及SBS改性沥青混合料较大差异,沥青体分比高于0.400,则环氧树脂沥青混合料的断裂性能变化趋势与AH-70普通沥青及SBS改性沥青混合料相似。SEM微观结构研究表明,沥青体分比为0.400时,环氧树脂沥青是以树脂相为基体,沥青为近似球形分散体,沥青体分比为0.500时,沥青相为基体,树脂为近似球形(胶团)分散体。沥青体分比为0.400到0.500为环氧树脂沥青的相逆转区间。     

基于断裂力学方法的冷再生基层材料疲劳寿命研究

利用断裂力学方法对冷再生基层材料的疲劳裂纹扩展进行分析,选择合适的断裂力学公式及参数,进而推导出疲劳寿命预估方程,分析方程中参数的取值并给出算例.通过算例得到的结果对影响疲劳寿命的因素进行分析,并与通过试验得到的数据进行对比.结果表明,用断裂力学方法预测含裂缝冷再生基层材料的疲劳寿命更合理.     

浅析新能源汽车发展现状及发展趋势

以新能源汽车发展现状和发展趋势为主线,详细介绍了当前各类新能源汽车的技术特点,并在此基础上系统地分析了未来新能源汽车的发展前景。最后,在权衡目前的技术状态和未来新技术的可行性后,分析了汽车工业发展的趋势。     

CRC＋AC复合式路面结构层厚度对温度效应及车辙变形的影响

针对连续配筋混凝土与沥青混凝土（CRC＋AC）复合式路面结构的特点和现有研究的不足,运用断裂力学理论和有限元法,计算了CRC层的最大温度梯度、车辙深度、温度裂缝的扩展强度,分析了结构层厚度与CRC层的最大温度梯度、车辙深度、温度裂缝扩展强度的关系。结果表明：AC层厚度一般在不小于4cm时才能起到降低CRC层顶面最大温度的作用;CRC层的最大温度梯度随AC层和CRC层厚度的增加而递减;车辙深度随着AC层厚度的增加而递增;AC层厚度的增加能有效减小温度裂缝的扩展,其他结构层厚度对温度裂缝的扩展强度影响不大。研究结果可为合理设计CRC＋AC复合式路面的结构层厚度提供参考。     

Mitigating the effect of impact loading on a vehicle using an essentially nonlinear absorber

The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of an essentially nonlinear vibration absorber to mitigate the large accelerations transmitted to a passenger compartment of a vehicle which is subjected to shock-type transient loading at the chassis. For such problems, the induced vibration typically attains its maximum value shortly after the application of the loading; thus, it may be impossible to dissipate a major portion of the input energy prior to the occurrence of the peak response. Here, a class of absorbers possessing a form of discontinuous essential stiffness nonlinearity is employed to achieve the desired mitigation. In this paper, we apply a single vibro-impact (VI) absorber to the chassis and examine whether the resulting energy transfer mechanism is an effective way to reduce the peak value of the inertial force measured at the passenger compartment. The influence of the absorber parameters is first studied based on a practical impulsive force, and the optimal design of the absorber is then obtained. Next, an asymmetric clearance arrangement of the absorber is suggested to facilitate the mitigation. Finally, an impulsive acceleration excitation is applied to the system to examine the robustness and efficacy of the optimised absorber. Results of numerical simulations demonstrate that a properly designed VI absorber can significantly decrease the maximum inertial force at the passenger compartment, generated by external impulsive excitations.