Disaster prevention and strategic investment for multiple ports in a region: cooperation or not

With the growth of maritime transportation, seaports have become critical to the world economy as linking nodes between shipping and inland transport. However, the port system is fragile under certain unconventional emergency events. This study addresses the issue of investment on disaster prevention within the port competition context. The present model discusses and compares four situations of different relationships and strategies of pre-disaster prevention between two adjacent ports. Results indicate that both ports increase the disaster prevention investment under the cooperation scenario compared with that in the case of non-cooperation wherein they are complementary ports. Meanwhile, a numerical simulation is conducted to examine the collective and individual rationality of both ports. Although cooperation strategy decreases the total risk cost of two ports, one of the two ports may profit, whereas the other may suffer losses.     

整体温差作用下高桩码头基桩内力计算方法

为研究高桩码头完建后整体温差对基桩内力的影响,结合工程实例,建立三维有限元模型,对上部平台温变规律进行分析,认为斜桩、直桩对上部平台温变约束作用均可忽略不计,平台处于自由温变状态,存在水平位移为零的温变发散中心。基于刚性平台自由温变规律,提出了考虑斜桩码头平动扭转的三维算法,三维算法的桩顶位移、内力与有限元结果接近。对于全直桩或近似对称的斜桩码头,还可简化为平动的二维算法。并给出了直桩、斜桩内力的估算简式,由估算式可知,位于发散同心圆上的直桩内力大于斜桩内力,桩顶轴力、弯矩与桩径2次、4次方成正比,桩径对温差内力的影响显著。     

沿海港口煤炭专业化运输系统适应性探讨

结合全国煤炭生产消费及调运情况,分析北方煤炭下水港布局、后方铁路通道规划建设及煤炭下水趋势对专业化煤炭下水港未来发展的影响,研究南方煤炭接卸港码头布局、外贸进口煤炭和煤炭中转基地建设及接卸港发展趋势对接卸港布局及建设的影响,对全国沿海港口煤炭专业化运输系统分区域、分结构的适应性进行探讨,并提出问题及建议。     

北方煤港装卸设备清洁生产技术与应用

针对目前国内煤炭港口生产作业过程中扬尘严重、环境日益恶化的现状,对北方煤炭港区装卸生产设备进行研究,从煤炭在物料转接过程中的撒漏和扬尘的形成机理入手,对各作业点存在的清洁生产问题进行总结和剖析,进而开展对物料运输的各个工作点的改进研究,找出生产工艺流程中控制撒漏和扬尘的方法。     

Risk assessment framework for exposure of cargo and ports to natural hazards and climate extremes

There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks.     

多智能体仿真在LNG码头选址及港口规划中的应用

液化天然气(LNG)船舶进出港进行的严格交通管制会影响港口的运营,因此在港口规划阶段须审慎决策LNG码头选址及布局问题。应用自主开发的《基于多智能体信息交互的港口运营系统仿真软件(简称:APSS)V1.0》,建立可模拟涵盖LNG船舶通航影响机制的港口运营系统仿真模型;以实际工程为例,系统探讨LNG船舶通航对近、远期港口运营影响问题的思路和方法;结合水域通航环境特点提出远期优化措施。研究结果可辅助港口规划制定。     

Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

Evaluating the effects of green port policy: Case study of Kaohsiung harbor in Taiwan

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce these pollutants in port areas, based on a newly developed assessment model to calculate emissions. The case study found that the strategy of reducing the ship’s speed to 12 knots is most effective in cutting fuel consumption and costs, as well as emissions. Adopting an onshore power supply system could reduce CO₂ emission by 57.16% and PM by 39.4%. By adopting the strategies of both reduced speed and cold ironing emissions control, a reduction in emissions of 71% to 91% can be achieved with a 20 nautical mile reduced speed zone. Therefore, the goals of reductions in emissions to improve port areas air quality could be achieved through adopting a green port policy in the future.     

船舶操纵模拟器上海洋山港港区三维视景仿真

针对船舶操纵模拟中的三维视景仿真的特点,开展船舶操纵模拟器中关于上海洋山港港区三维视景仿真的研究。以Google Earth提供的电子地形图像为基础,经过等高线和矢量化方法的处理,生成数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM),并利用Multigen Creator建立直观的上海洋山港港区三维地形模型,再利用Vega的三维视景渲染功能对其进行渲染和驱动。根据该方法建立的上海洋山港港区三维视景模型库在模型精细度、逼真度和实时运算等方面,都能满足船员实操练习所需的条件。     

紫外强化有效氯对船舶尾气同时脱硫脱硝试验

为提高有效氯溶液对船舶尾气同时脱硫、脱硝的性能,将紫外光(UV)辐照与有效氯溶液相结合,开展脱硫、脱硝试验。基于UV-鼓泡光催化反应器搭建模拟实验平台,进行UV辐照和无UV辐照环境下氧化溶液脱硫脱硝的对比试验和UV灯的功率、有效氯的浓度等因素对脱除率影响的试验。结果表明:在40℃的气液反应温度下,UV辐照能大幅度提高浓度为250 mg/L[CL2]的有效氯溶液对模拟烟气中NO、NOX和SO2的脱除能力;UV灯的功率从5W增加到16W,NO和NOX的脱除率近乎线性上升;将有效氯的浓度从250 mg/L[CL2]升高至1 500 mg/L[CL2],NO和NOX的脱除率缓慢上升;有效氯溶液对SO2的脱除率始终为100%。此外,对可能的反应机理进行了分析。