地下交通转换平台射流通风特性及风流组织方式研究

为探究地下交通转换平台内通风系统的合理布局,采用比尺模型试验和CFD模拟相结合的方法,研究射流风机和通风组织对地下交通转换平台内气流运动的影响。结果表明： 1）当联络通道内风机射流朝向敞开段时,为使风机升压系数Kj最大,630 mm、900 mm、1 120 mm射流风机的布设位置应距离敞开段分别大于40、50、65 m; 2）大口径射流风机具有更大的Kj,但占用的断面空间更大,且射流诱导段更长,应根据联络通道长度和高度合理选择射流风机口径; 3）地下交通转换平台的通风组织不宜采用同侧开启方式,采用对角抽吸方式时,联络通道内的污染物混入比最低、通风效率最高。     

燃气调压器声发射信号特征与流量关系分析

文中提取燃气调压器声发射信号的标准差、峭度这两个时域特征及重心频率、均方根频率这两个频域特征,分析特征与流量的对应关系,使用相关系数进行评价。基于北京某调压站采集的声发射信号及流量数据,实验结果表明,流量与标准差、峭度、重心频率、均方根频率的相关系数分别为0.8192、0.2889、0.7745、0.641。可见标准差、重心频率及均方根频率与流量相关性较强,峭度与流量相关性较弱。     

圆形直管湍流粗糙管区的摩擦因数计算

提出了简单适用的管路摩擦因数λ的计算方法,解决了柯尔布鲁克-怀特(Colebrook-white)公式中隐函数不易计算的问题,该方法计算精度高于其他现有简化公式;在10-8≤ε/d≤0.05、3000≤Re≤108时,该方程的计算结果与原Colebrook-White方程的平均相对偏差为0.3315%,最大偏差不超过2.0%。     

Experimental study and modeling of car-following behavior under high speed situation

To investigate the car-following behavior under high speed driving conditions, we performed a set of 11-car-platoon experiments on Hefei airport highway. The formation and growth of oscillations have been analyzed and compared with that in low speed situations. It was found that there is considerable heterogeneity for the same driver over different runs of the experiment. This intra-driver heterogeneity was quantitatively depicted by a new index and incorporated in an enhanced two-dimensional intelligent driver model. Using both the new high-speed and the previous low-speed experimental data, the new and three existing models were calibrated. Simulation results show that the enhanced model outperforms the three existing car-following models that do not take into account this intra-driver heterogeneity in reproducing the essential features of the traffic in the experiments.     

氧气管道安全运行措施的分析

首先从氧气的性质入手,对氧气管道发生燃烧、爆炸的原理进行了分析,进而针对氧气管道的特性提出了在设计阶段如何控制好氧气流速以及材料的选择、在施工阶段如何处理好焊接和保持管道的内部清洁、在管道运行阶段如何采取安全措施,通过对这几方面的严格控制,将在很大程度上降低氧气管道发生事故的概率,从而确保氧气管道的安全运行。     

从河床冲淤分析沉管法修建长江水下隧道问题

文章从三峡水库泥沙入库量的减少以及三峡水库对泥沙的拦截作用两个方面分析了三峡水库对长江中下游河床冲刷的影响,具体剖析了现有冲刷数值模拟的最大冲刷量远较实际冲刷量为小的原因,因此得出了在三峡以下长江中下游不宜采用沉管法修建长江水下隧道的结论。对于重庆地区朝天门两江隧道的修建方案问题,文章在分析了决定修建沉管隧道方案可行性的两个关键参数,即河床水深和水流流速后,指出只要采取相应工程措施,采用沉管法修建两江隧道是可行的。     

横滩整治措施与效果分析

文章介绍了横滩整治工程的措施与效果,分析该滩获得成功整治的关键技术与经验,为类似工程提供参考。     

基于壅塞理论的CNG加气管流量计算分析

为了计算CNG加气系统的高压胶管的流量,以气体动力学为基础,建立等截面一维定常绝热摩擦流动的数学模型.利用VC+ +语言编制界面计算程序对模型进行编程求解,对壅塞状态和非壅塞状态下流量以及出口压力进行计算和拟合.当天然气汽车储瓶内的压力小于临界压力时,加气流量最大,且与胶管两端的压差无关,并计算出最大流量与胶管管长的关...     

A shockwave profile model for traffic flow on congested urban arterials

In this paper a new traffic flow model for congested arterial networks, named shockwave profile model (SPM), is presented. Taking advantage of the fact that traffic states within a congested link can be simplified as free-flow, saturated, and jammed conditions, SPM simulates traffic dynamics by analytically deriving the trajectories of four major shockwaves: queuing, discharge, departure, and compression waves. Unlike conventional macroscopic models, in which space is often discretized into small cells for numerical solutions, SPM treats each homogeneous road segment with constant capacity as a section; and the queuing dynamics within each section are described by tracing the shockwave fronts. SPM is particularly suitable for simulating traffic flow on congested signalized arterials especially with queue spillover problems, where the steady-state periodic pattern of queue build-up and dissipation process may break down. Depending on when and where spillover occurs along a signalized arterial, a large number of queuing patterns may be possible. Therefore it becomes difficult to apply the conventional approach directly to track shockwave fronts. To overcome this difficulty, a novel approach is proposed as part of the SPM, in which queue spillover is treated as either extending a red phase or creating new smaller cycles, so that the analytical solutions for tracing the shockwave fronts can be easily applied. Since only the essential features of arterial traffic flow, i.e., queue build-up and dissipation, are considered, SPM significantly reduces the computational load and improves the numerical efficiency. We further validated SPM using real-world traffic signal data collected from a major arterial in the Twin Cities. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the model. We expect that in the future this model can be applied in a number of real-time applications such as arterial performance prediction and signal optimization.     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.