Polycentricity and transit service

This paper focuses on the two related issues of employment distribution and access to transit services. Using the 2001 census tract level economic activities and transit routes within the county, a number of analyses were performed to determine the location of major employment centers in Los Angeles County and how these localities may be understood within the context of a transit service operation in a polycentric metropolitan area. The identified economic subcenters contain one-third of the county employment and its firms, collectively. While these economic nodes are networked by the existing bus routes, the connection between employees and their place of work appears to be inadequate. This has created a less than optimal condition in many sections of the metropolitan area. This paper suggests methodologies for encountering this shortcoming.     

高速公路沥青路面养护罩面层混合料的分析

通过对AC、SMA、掺加纤维等不同沥青混合科的性能特点、施工控制等分析,对沥青路面罩面混合料类型选择中所需要注意的几个问题给出了合理的建议。     

TB880E型掘进机应用研究

由铁道部出资7．3亿元购置的2台TB880E型掘进机，先后完成了秦岭特长Ⅰ线隧道、磨沟岭隧道、桃花铺1号隧道的掘进任务，累计掘进长度22162m。这2台掘进机自2002年工程完工后，维修、保养、存放至今。TB880E型掘进机的正常使用寿命应在8000台班左右，可以完成35～40km隧道的掘进任务。此文结合秦岭特长隧道、乌鞘岭特长隧道施工方案，对掘进机与钻爆法的优缺点进行对比分析，探讨TBM剩余寿命期的利用问题，以期为今后选择合理的隧道建设方案提供参考。     

计算机联锁车务培训系统研制

针对多种制式计算机联锁系统并存的现状，提出了同时具有铁科、通号院和交大等多种操作界面，基于局域网构建教师机监控下的多学生机联网的车务仿真培训系统设计方案。在此基础上，研制了操作表示界面、联锁逻辑及行车仿真一体化的学生机软件；研制了基于以太网监控学生机并为之设置灯丝等现场故障的教师机软件。实际应用结果表明，该车务培训系统具有良好的教学效果。     

我国航运企业如何开展物流服务

通过对我国航运企业开展物流服务的必要性和可行性分析,结合航运企业物流发展现状,对如何开展物流服务提出了措施和建议。     

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站台形式方案设计是城市轨道交通线路规划与建设中的一项重要内容。本文结合北京轨道交通亦庄线宋家庄站的特点,阐述了一岛两侧双线、一岛一侧双线、一岛一侧三线等3种站台形式方案的基本设计概况,并从候车条件、折返能力、列车出入段条件、车站规模等方面对这3种方案进行了较为深入的对比研究。最后,从岛式站台站前折返能力的影响因素,以及站台客流组织方案对站台宽度和列车停站时间的影响等角度,提出了一岛两侧双线是适合于采用岛式站台、站前折返的城市轨道交通线路起点站的站台形式方案。     

城市轨道交通乘客服务水平评价方法研究

本着系统性、科学性、可行性、导向性的原则,从运行性能、方便性能、舒适性能、经济性能、安全保障性能等五大方面考虑,构建了轨道交通乘客服务水平评价指标体系.在借鉴常规公交评价方法研究成果的基础上,根据轨道交通服务的特点,选择频数统计法确定评价指标权重,基于模糊数学理论建立了该指标体系的模糊综合评价模型.最后,运用该指标体系和模型对某轨道交通线路进行算例分析.结果表明,该评价方法科学合理,可操作性强.     

现代汽车滚装码头平面布置及技术发展

根据上海港外高桥港区六期工程汽车滚装码头设计,结合国外先进汽车滚装码头平面布局的特点,对现代汽车滚装码头的总体布局和技术细节进行总结,对其未来的发展方向进行展望。结果表明：汽车滚装码头未来致力于发展商品汽车及零部件的一站式定制化全程物流服务是符合汽车厂商和汽车消费客户需求的。汽车厂商入驻港口符合市场经济发展的需要,未来汽车滚装码头的总体布局需要考虑汽车厂商入驻的需求。     

Characterizing,measuring, and managing transit service quality

Recent studies to evaluate the quality of transit service are generating a good amount of renewed interest in an old idea, the passenger's perspective; this new interest stems from recognizing that transit service quality should be characterised, measured, and managed by parameters capturing both passenger and transit operator perspectives. However, although the selected parameters are user‐oriented in their input, the output may not be as user‐oriented as considered, and the number or the percentage of passengers is often neglected. As a result, the findings are often misleading because the perspectives of transit operators dominate. Therefore, academics and practitioners must rethink their strategies of quality analysis of public transportation by stressing more on the role of passengers. These challenges are addressed in this paper with a practical, simple, and holistic framework, for Transit Quality (TRANSQUAL). This framework provides for the involvement of all stakeholders in the characterisation, measurement, and management of the stages of quality monitoring, which is jointly analyzed at different planning levels. In the characterization stage, the framework supports the selection of parameters to be monitored. The measurement stage sets and measures four quality areas in terms of percentage of passengers who expect a predefined level of service, for whom the service is designed, who receive the planned service, and who perceive the service as delivered. The management stage computes the differences between these percentages, points out criticalities, and recommends corrective actions. These stages are investigated in‐depth, integrated, and discussed in a real‐life case study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Queue length estimation at metered freeway‐to‐freeway connectors

Freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is a cost‐effective and proven freeway management strategy for relieving recurrent congestion. However, one of the critical challenges in design and operation of freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is the lack of up‐to‐date queue storage length design guidance. In this study, it was found that ramp queue is dynamically related to the metering rate, on‐ramp demand, and traffic flow arrival pattern. Hence, simply using an average demand cannot provide accurate queue length estimation and is also not suitable for queue storage design where the maximum or a percentile queue length is generally used. A mesoscopic queue length simulation model was developed based on the input–output method for estimating queue lengths under various demand‐to‐capacity ratio scenarios. Simulation results indicate that for under‐saturated situations, the ramp queue may exist temporally due to the random short‐term surge of traffic arrivals, and the exponential function could best capture the relationship between queue length and demand‐to‐capacity ratio. For over‐saturated situations, the ramp queue tends to prolong linearly with the demand‐to‐capacity ratio. Based on the simulation, it was recommended that queue storage length be designed as 4.3% of on‐ramp demand when demand is lower than 1200 vph or 2.3% when demand is between 1200 and 2400 vph. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.