铁路既有繁忙干线货运产品布局优化模型及算法

采用节点拆分的方式构建了既有繁忙干线货运产品网络，在此基础上按运输需求的特征对其分类并借鉴服务网络设计的思想，设计了既有繁忙干线铁路货运产品布局优化模型，采用免疫克隆变邻域搜索算法对模型进行求解，最后采用算例对模型和算法进行验证分析，测试结果表明模型和算法具有较好的适用性．     

奥迪100轿车后螺旋弹簧的可靠性设计

本文介绍了奥迪１００桥车后螺旋弹簧的可靠性设计方法。在基本随机变量的概率特性已知的情况下，使用二阶矩技术对弹簧的可靠性进行设计，所编制的计算机程序可以迅速准确地得到弹簧的可靠性设计参数。     

虚拟三维环境中汽车模型的照明设置

通过在虚拟三维环境中怎样对汽车模型进行灯光设置的研究,提出车身金属材质的具体设置方法,以及对虚拟场景中灯光的设置,以达到显示其形状、材质、气势等效果,追求虚拟三维汽车模型的艺术效果。     

Effects of economic disincentives on private car use

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of economic disincentives on private car use. Eighty two-adult households who were owners of at least one car were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. Both experimental and control groups logged their car trips during one week before, one week during, and one week after treatment. The treatment consisted of charging two of the experimental groups approximately 100% of normal cost per kilometer of driving during 2 weeks, and charging the third experimental group this amount per kilometer of driving during 4 weeks. With the purpose of investigating whether deliberate planning increases the effect of economic disincentives, the households in one of the former and in the latter group were asked to fill out a prospective car log for the following week. The control group was not charged or requested to fill out a prospective car log but was in other respects treated in the same way. Analyses of the car logs and odometer readings during and at the end of treatment showed a weak reduction of car use due to the economic disincentives that however were almost completely dependent on planning.     

一种进一步降低轿车空气阻力的方法

本文首先简要地分析了声激励减阻机理，然后，针对类似桑塔纳车身的模型采用了声激励的方法进行了减低空气阻力的研究，得出了声激励参数，方式和减阻效果的关系，并且对此进行了一定的分析，表明利用声激励方法可以进一步降低此类车身的空气阻力。     

中国元素在汽车造型设计中的应用研究

随着汽车产业的蓬勃发展,汽车造型设计越来越注重民族元素的应用,逐渐步入本土品牌化.在国产汽车突飞猛进的今天,将中国元素融入到国产汽车设计之中,具有非常重要的作用和意义.如何将优秀的中国传统文化元素完美应用到汽车造型设计中,大量的优秀汽车设计师进行了成功的探索和尝试,并取得了可喜的成绩.在东方大国文化自信的背景下,打造出...     

提速客车转向架转臂的拓扑优化设计

为设计出易于安装及落车的提速客车转向架转臂结构,基于变密度法和非线性接触有限元法对转臂进行了拓扑优化和强度分析。以HyperMesh/Optistruct为拓扑优化分析平台,创建了转臂的拓扑优化模型;以I-DEAS软件为多体接触分析平台,建立和分析了新型转臂的多体接触有限元模型。结果表明:新型转臂结构在满足使用强度的要求下,不仅从整体上改善了结构的应力分布,使应力分布更趋均匀,而且转臂的质量也比现有结构的质量下降了9.7%。     

The relationship between urban street networks and private motorized trips at the city level

There are factors that impact car usage in urban areas, such as density, diversity and design, but there have been few studies that examine the relationship between street network factors and car usage at the city level (macro level). This paper focuses on this relationship by introducing urban street network variables, such as blocks per area, nodes per block and length of roads and motorways, as independent variables and the percentage of daily trips by private motorized modes as the dependent variable. The street network in this study includes interconnecting lines and points that present streets, roads, motorways, intersections and blocks. The strength of the relationship in this study is found using multiple linear regression. The findings of this research indicate that an increase in car usage is correlated with an increasing number of blocks per area, number of nodes per block and length of motorways. In addition, because the urban street network is the result of macro-scale planning decisions, considering this relationship can lead to better planning decisions.     

列车基本阻力的思考

文章从分析列车气动阻力入手，结合现有试验数据，建立了我国铁路货车、客车及机车的单位基本阻力系列试用公式，经与《列车牵引诸规程》公式以及国外相关公式进行比较后，认为这种分析一试验型公式比纯试验型公式更为合理而有效。此外，作者还提出加强列车牵引理论和应用的基础性研究等建议。     

出口澳大利亚的N72-AS型集装箱平车

介绍了N72—AS型集装箱平车的用途、技术参数及车辆的性能特点、主要结构和试验情况。