导电密封胶对不锈钢车体电阻点焊焊接性能影响研究

分析了电阻点焊原理,对相同的点焊搭接方式,分别采用3种工况进行焊接试验。3种工况分别采用相同焊接参数对搭接接触面涂导电密封胶和不涂导电密封胶的试件进行焊接;优化焊接参数后,对搭接接触面涂导电密封胶的试验件进行焊接。对3种工况下完成的焊接试件进行拉伸力检测试验、金相熔核尺寸检测和缺陷检测试验,对熔核直径、拉伸力、熔核内部缺陷的试验结果进行分析。试验结果表明:导电密封胶对电阻点焊的焊接性能存在影响;通过适当优化焊接参数,可以提高涂导电密封胶试件的焊接性能,焊接质量能够满足产品焊接要求。     

船用电器柜抗冲击设计研究

为增强船内部电器柜的抗冲击性能,采用有限元法对船内不同安装型式的电器柜结构进行了模态和抗冲击性能仿真分析,通过对比分析得出了使用撑杆加固型式安装的电器柜能显著提高船内电器柜的抗冲击性能的结论,并确定了电器柜抗冲击优化设计方案。     

Mode jumping in the lateral buckling of subsea pipelines

Unburied subsea pipelines under high-temperature conditions tend to relieve their axial compressive stress by forming localised lateral buckles. This phenomenon is traditionally studied under the assumption of a specific lateral deflection profile (mode) consisting of a fixed number of lobes. We study lateral thermal buckling as a genuinely localised buckling phenomenon by applying homoclinic (‘flat’) boundary conditions. By not having to assume a particular buckling mode we are in a position to study transitions between these traditional modes in typical loading sequences. For the lateral resistance we take a realistic nonlinear pipe-soil interaction model for partially embedded pipelines. We find that for soils with appreciable breakout resistance, i.e., nonmonotonicity of the lateral resistance characteristic, sudden jumps between modes may occur. We consider both symmetric and antisymmetric solutions. The latter turn out to require much higher temperature differences between pipe and environment for the jumps to be induced. We carry out a parameter study on the effect of various pipe-soil interaction parameters on this mode jumping. Away from the jumps post-buckling solutions are reasonably well described by the traditional modes whose analytical expressions may be used during preliminary design.     

盾构下坡掘进对推进阻力的影响研究

以神华新街6°煤矿斜井盾构工程为背景,针对盾构下坡掘进工况,通过建立盾构上作用的水土压力载荷与坡度的数学关系模型,推导出推进阻力与坡度的数学公式。结合工程实例,计算水平掘进与6°下坡掘进各推进阻力值,并利用MATLAB软件绘制下坡掘进时推进阻力随坡度变化的曲线。结果表明:1)6°下坡掘进的总推进阻力相对于水平掘进仅减小了约8%,坡度小于13°时,可通过水平掘进时的推进阻力减去重力沿掘进轴线上的分量来近似求得,且偏差小于10%;2)总推进阻力会随坡角的不断增大而减小;3)当坡度大于50.4°后,盾构有自动向下滑移的趋势,刀盘将自动压紧开挖面,导致刀具自动嵌入开挖面,增加了启动扭矩与换刀的难度。     

磁力摩擦式辅助驱动在TBM连续皮带机中的应用

长大隧道TBM(tunnel boring machine)施工大多采用连续皮带机出渣,当运输距离较大时通常需要在中间增设辅助驱动,以降低胶带最大张力,从而降低胶带强度。为了提高辅助驱动的工程适应性,研发了磁力摩擦式辅助驱动系统,具有驱动力大、无二次转载、胶带无二次冲击损伤、结构简单、故障点少、结构紧凑占用空间小、安装方便和配置灵活等特点。该成果可用于采用钢丝绳芯胶带的TBM连续皮带机、支洞皮带机以及其他需要辅助驱动的胶带输送机,并在山西省中部引黄工程TBM1标段成功应用,具有广阔的推广应用价值。     

城市地下道路分(合)流匝道通风阻力特性

为分析多点进出结构的城市地下道路空气流动特性,以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道为原型,通过现场实测、缩尺模型试验以及CFD软件数值模拟方法,对分(合)匝道通风阻力特性进行了研究,考察了雷诺数、风量比、分岔角度对分(合)流匝道阻力特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:1)主隧道与匝道风量比、主隧道与匝道夹角是影响分(合)流匝道局部阻力系数的关键因素;2)城市地下道路分(合)流匝道局部阻力变化特性,不宜简单套用通风管道的三通构件的参数;3)结合最小二乘法和Matlab软件对计算结果进行多因素回归分析,给出了基于长沙营盘路湘江隧道的分(合)流匝道主隧道和匝道的局部阻力系数关联式。研究结果可为复杂结构城市地下道路通风系统阻力特性分析及通风工程优化设计提供方法参考。     

基于地基回弹因素的盾构隧道管片上浮预测

针对软弱地层盾构隧道管片脱出盾尾后出现的上浮问题,分析盾构施工过程中管片上浮的诱因,得出软弱地层中管片的上浮主要是地层应力重分布产生的地基回弹力引起的。在此基础上建立隧道开挖动态模型,分析隧道上浮量变化规律以及地层特性对管片上浮量的影响规律,得出地层弹性模量和管片上浮量呈一定的指数关系,且弹性模量对管片上浮量的影响远大于地层黏聚力和内摩擦角。通过力平衡理论计算盾构开挖引起的地层回弹力、管片上浮量以及隧道上浮影响的地层高度范围,并通过对珠江狮子洋工程管片上浮量的计算与实测对比,证明该公式的合理性,为盾构隧道工程中考虑地基抗力引起的管片上浮量预测提供一种新的方法。     

Direct yaw moment control and power consumption of in-wheel motor vehicle in steady-state turning

Driving force distribution control is one of the characteristic performance aspects of in-wheel motor vehicles and various methods have been developed to control direct yaw moment while turning. However, while these controls significantly enhance vehicle dynamic performance, the additional power required to control vehicle motion still remains to be clarified. This paper constructed new formulae of the mechanism by which direct yaw moment alters the cornering resistance and mechanical power of all wheels based on a simple bicycle model, including the electric loss of the motors and the inverters. These formulation results were validated by an actual test vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors in steady-state turning. The validated theory was also applied to a comparison of several different driving force distribution mechanisms from the standpoint of innate mechanical power.     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

2型糖尿病患者一级亲属正常糖代谢人群胰岛素抵抗分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖耐量正常的一级亲属胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗情况,并分析胰岛素抵抗的相关因素。方法选取T2DM患者糖耐量正常的一级亲属63例,根据胰岛素抵抗指数分为胰岛素抵抗组及非抵抗组;选取30例健康体检者作为正常对照组。对所选的93例对象进行血压、血糖、胰岛素、血脂的测定,并计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)。结果①糖尿病患者一级亲属组与对照组相比,胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β明显升高(P<0.05);②胰岛素抵抗组体质指数、舒张压、甘油三酯、餐后血糖、HOMA-β明显高于胰岛素非抵抗组(P<0.05);③相关分析示胰岛素抵抗与体质指数、舒张压、甘油三酯、餐后胰岛素呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),与空腹血糖、餐后血糖、空腹胰岛素、收缩压、胆固醇无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论T2DM患者一级亲属存在胰岛β细胞代偿性的高分泌,早期已经出现胰岛素敏感性的下降和胰岛素抵抗。胰岛素抵抗与体重增加、舒张压升高及甘油三酯的升高有关。提示对糖尿病患者一级亲属应严格控制体重、血压及血脂,对减少T2DM具有积极意义。