道岔区聚氨酯固化道床烘干装置的研发

针对道岔区聚氨酯固化道床施工提出一种道床烘干技术。通过高精度、智能化的道床温湿度检测,实时监控烘干效果。本文首先介绍了道床烘干装置的总体设计,然后对道床烘干数值模拟结果和试验线上实测结果进行了分析。结果表明:当密封罩内分风结构导流角为100°时,密封罩的7个出风口风速均匀;烘干约10 min时道床烘干深度可达350 mm,道床相对湿度约20%,满足聚氨酯施工要求;与现有设备相比,该道床烘干装置具有小型化、快捷化的特点,可实现对道岔区等复杂线路区段的道床烘干作业。     

传统燃油车的电动化改制方案研究

文章以前置后驱的传统燃油车改制为前置前驱的纯电动汽车案例,展开整车设计分析,在维持原型车的外形、长宽高、轴距和轮距等基本参数的基础上,提出了整车布置结构变化的改制设计方案,设定了电动车整车主要性能指标。在电动化设计中取消了传统燃油动力总成及其附属的燃油、进排气等系统,依据整车性能目标要求,结合车辆空间及整车结构原理,对驱动电机动力总成、电池PACK、VCU、PDC三合一等高压系统零部件进行选型及布置设计。     

A finite mixture model of vehicle-to-vehicle and day-to-day variability of traffic network travel times

This study proposes an approach to modeling the effects of daily roadway conditions on travel time variability using a finite mixture model based on the Gamma–Gamma (GG) distribution. The GG distribution is a compound distribution derived from the product of two Gamma random variates, which represent vehicle-to-vehicle and day-to-day variability, respectively. It provides a systematic way of investigating different variability dimensions reflected in travel time data. To identify the underlying distribution of each type of variability, this study first decomposes a mixture of Gamma–Gamma models into two separate Gamma mixture modeling problems and estimates the respective parameters using the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using simulated vehicle trajectories produced under daily scenarios constructed from historical weather and accident data. The parameter estimation results suggest that day-to-day variability exhibits clear heterogeneity under different weather conditions: clear versus rainy or snowy days, whereas the same weather conditions have little impact on vehicle-to-vehicle variability. Next, a two-component Gamma–Gamma mixture model is specified. The results of the distribution fitting show that the mixture model provides better fits to travel delay observations than the standard (one-component) Gamma–Gamma model. The proposed method, the application of the compound Gamma distribution combined with a mixture modeling approach, provides a powerful and flexible tool to capture not only different types of variability—vehicle-to-vehicle and day-to-day variability—but also the unobserved heterogeneity within these variability types, thereby allowing the modeling of the underlying distributions of individual travel delays across different days with varying roadway disruption levels in a more effective and systematic way.     

PEM燃料电池组动态单电压的稳定性分析

在动态工况下,PEM燃料电池单电压的稳定性是燃料电池动力系统持续稳定运行的保障,而质子交换膜的水合状态、阴极和阳极的排水状态、氢氧燃料传质效应都会显著影响单电压的稳定性。本文基于PEM燃料电池组动态工况试验,引入相对平均电压、相对差异度等指标以分析各燃料电池组单电压的稳定性,探究燃料电池组各电堆单元单电压随工况的变化规律及影响因素,以评价燃料电池电堆性能,指导系统控制策略的制定。     

Non-exhaust particle emissions under various driving conditions: Implications for sustainable mobility

Non-exhaust particle (NEP) emissions from road traffic contribute significantly to Particulate Matter (PM) pollution in urban areas. The primary objective herein is to develop the knowledge required to move toward more sustainable mobility. NEP emissions are studied by means of complementary experiments on chassis dynamometers, on test tracks and at the roadside. Laboratory tests demonstrate that brake wear particles (BWP) emissions can change with braking force and frequency. A brake pad temperature threshold exists, above which the rate of ultrafine particle emissions is quite high. Below this threshold, the BWP emissions are dominant in the accumulation and coarse modes. Test track measurements have demonstrated that tire-road contact particle (TRCP) emissions considerably modify the atmospheric PM background especially for the supermicron fraction. Their number size distribution highlighted an ultrafine and accumulation modes centered at about 40 nm and 200 nm, respectively. The TRCP level increases with vehicle speed and during the acceleration and deceleration phases. Roadside measurements in the urban environment confirm the presence of NEP in significant proportions, in both the accumulation and coarse modes. The chemical composition of NEP differs depending on the size mode: BWP mainly stem from the degradation of brake pad lining materials, while TRCP are a mixture of tire tread wear and re-suspended dust. The presence of Fe-rich particles nevertheless serves as a good indicator of the NEP contribution to PM at the roadside. Lastly, in considering the parameters influencing NEP emissions, a series of recommendations are offered in order to achieve a more sustainable mobility.     

基于地铁-货车联运的物流配送路径优化

为应对配送车辆引起道路拥堵和环境污染问题，提出地铁与货车联合运输. 在不改变地铁运行方案的前提下，利用地铁非高峰时段开展货物配送；考虑地铁剩余运能、货车容量、最大行驶距离、客户服务时间窗等限制条件，以配送距离最短为优化目标，构建基于地铁-货车联运的物流配送路径优化模型. 通过地铁配送路径设计不规则二维矩阵编码结构，使用改进自适应遗传算法求解. 以某市地铁货物运输为例，验证模型和算法的实用性、有效性. 结果表明，地铁-货车联合配送距离短，在客户时间窗范围内送达比例高，有效提高客户满意度.     

淤泥质土封闭作用下侧压力试验研究

天然软土上覆的硬壳层对其下的软土具有封闭作用,会改变其下软土层侧压力分布及传递规律。为探究封闭作用下淤泥质土侧向土压力特性,通过模拟3种不同工况的室内试验,研究含水率、加载方式、硬壳层完整性对侧压力竖向分布规律,侧压力系数及横向传递特性的影响。试验结果表明:侧向土压力沿深度呈上段抛物线、下段近似直线的半抛物线形分布,其半抛物线趋势受含水率、荷载等级的影响;侧压力系数在一定范围内随深度增加,之后趋于稳定,受含水率影响不大。该结果证明,封闭状态下淤泥质土侧向受荷性能具有类似流体的性质,从工程安全角度考虑,设计时可将封闭状态下淤泥质土侧压力系数取为1。同时,硬壳层完整性对淤泥土中应力传递具有一定影响。     

中小型LNG运输船推进系统选型分析

为了促进LNG运输船主动力推进装置方面的研究,推动LNG运输船推进系统的转型,通过对LNG运输船几种推进方式特点的对比分析,为中小型LNG运输船主推进系统的选型提供参考。     

柴油机配气机构运动两种视觉仿真方法的比较

柴油机凸轮配气机构的凸轮型线比较复杂，其与运动的挺柱是视觉仿真开发的难点。在开发虚拟维修模块过程中，提出了两种实现配气机构运动学仿真的方法：一是进行理论计算，得到凸轮机构实时位置，然后依此实现视觉仿真，但此种方法占用系统资源较大，运行费时；二是以视觉仿真中碰撞检测技术作为开发手段，实现挺柱与凸轮之间相互作用的表现方法，找出碰撞检测技术的关键点，并且解决了应用这种方法时挺柱等机构出现的抖动问题。最后对两种方法进行了比较，指出后一方法较容易实现。     

霍尔油位传感器的应用设计

目前,油位传感器普遍采用铍青铜电刷加厚膜电阻形式,作为一类技术成熟的油位传感器,有着无可比拟的价格和技术优势,虽在行业中占据主导地位,但这种传感器也有难以克服的缺陷,在正常通电状态下一般很难达到预期的设计寿命。随着油价上涨,劣质汽油流入市场,汽油中硫磷等腐蚀性物质对厚膜电阻腐蚀严重;耐乙醇汽油的丁晴橡胶浮子在生产过程中残留有硫元素,溶解在汽油中会腐蚀厚膜电阻,这两方面是导致油位传感器使用寿命降低的关键因素。