The use of hydrogen as a fuel for inland waterway units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

Fuel cycle emissions and life cycle costs of alternative fuel vehicle policy options for the City of Houston municipal fleet

Municipal fleet vehicle purchase decisions provide a direct opportunity for cities to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and air pollutants. However, cities typically lack comprehensive data on total life cycle impacts of various conventional and alternative fueled vehicles (AFV) considered for fleet purchase. The City of Houston, Texas, has been a leader in incorporating hybrid electric (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), and battery electric (BEV) vehicles into its fleet, but has yet to adopt any natural gas-powered light-duty vehicles. The City is considering additional AFV purchases but lacks systematic analysis of emissions and costs. Using City of Houston data, we calculate total fuel cycle GHG and air pollutant emissions of additional conventional gasoline vehicles, HEVs, PHEVs, BEVs, and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles to the City's fleet. Analyses are conducted with the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model. Levelized cost per kilometer is calculated for each vehicle option, incorporating initial purchase price minus residual value, plus fuel and maintenance costs. Results show that HEVs can achieve 36% lower GHG emissions with a levelized cost nearly equal to a conventional sedan. BEVs and PHEVs provide further emissions reductions, but at levelized costs 32% and 50% higher than HEVs, respectively. CNG sedans and trucks provide 11% emissions reductions, but at 25% and 63% higher levelized costs, respectively. While the results presented here are specific to conditions and vehicle options currently faced by one city, the methods deployed here are broadly applicable to informing fleet purchase decisions.     

瓦锡兰最新型船用低速电控柴油机RT-flex35（W-X35）的性能与应用

介绍瓦锡兰最新型船用低速电控柴油RT-flex35（W-X35） UNIC系统的控制原理及工作过程,以及与传统的RTA柴油机相比,其主要技术性能指标的优势.概述降低NOx排放的各种措施,以及优化RT-flex35（W-X35）柴油机各项性能指标后,使之更加高效可靠、经济及低排放运行.     

船舶燃油舱加热系统优化设计

针对由于传统蒸汽盘管加热燃油舱存在散热损失大、盘管破损修复困难且表面易积炭等缺点,设计一种燃油转驳加热系统,即通过被驳回的热油来混合加热油舱中适量的冷油,从而达到加热燃油的目的。计算结果表明使用燃油转驳加热系统可以降低能源消耗和节约成本。     

Excess Commuting: A Critical Review

Abstract

The stringent ship emission regulations under IMO's (International Maritime Organization) MARPOL Annex VI are a main driver to consider liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a ship fuel. Research into LNG as a marine fuel saw a strong growth in recent years, but no study has analyzed in a systematic way the level of convergence among the findings presented in the wide range of studies. In order to fill this gap, this paper seeks to perform a systematic review to synthesize the findings of 33 published studies on the use of LNG as a ship fuel. The aim is not only to obtain a much broader understanding of the current perspectives and challenges for applying LNG as a bunker for ship propulsion, but also to identify the gaps and weak points in the literature which could suggest future research. Moreover, given the output of the synthesis, the paper presents an extensive decision-making framework for shipowners when deciding on a fuel switch for their fleet from conventional oils to LNG in order to achieve a level of conceptual development beyond that attained in individual studies. In addition, the study also identifies the important role of ports in facilitating and encouraging the large-scale adoption of LNG in the maritime industry.     

车辆等速路试基准状态油耗校正方法分析

为保证车辆等速路试燃料消耗量检测和评价的统一性,应将车辆路试负荷和发动机负荷都校正在标准环境状态下进行燃料消耗量检测和评价.鉴于此,介绍了四种校正方法,并推导四种校正方法的公式.建议不同标准统一采用第四种校正方法,因为该方法不仅会对路试负荷进行校正,也会对发动机克服路试负荷和附件负荷的功率进行校正,同时还分析了前三种方法相对第四种方法的误差.     

3600 TEU集装箱船节能改装项目的初步研究

伴随着气候问题、油价高企以及航运市场低迷的严峻形势,节能减排已成为船舶设计的重要理念,尤其是对于营运船舶的节能改装受到越来越多船东的关注.以改装现有的3 600 TEU集装箱船为例,采取降低主机功率转速、安装节能装置、优化球首线型和采用低阻油漆等方法,可取得显著节能效果.同时该研究尽可能采用高效低成本的方案,以降低改装成本,缩短成本回收周期,从而可以为船东、船厂带来最大化的收益.     

有效减少船舶柴油机NOx排放的技术分析

文章综合分析了现阶段船舶柴油机有效减少NOx排放的选择性催化还原技术、燃料水乳化法、水直喷法、喷射时间控制法，并重点阐述了空气加湿技术的原理和特点。     

故障模式及影响分析方法在船舶主推进系统中的应用

采用故障模式及影响分析方法对船舶系统进行可靠性或安全性分析,并以燃油系统为研究对象,找到系统可能的故障模式、发生故障的原因、故障对局部及最终的影响等,以提高船舶系统的可靠性。