Prediction of the interaction between a simple moving vehicle and an infinite periodically supported rail – Green's functions approach

This paper herein describes the interaction between a simple moving vehicle and an infinite periodically supported rail, in order to signalise the basic features of the vehicle/track vibration behaviour in general, and wheel/rail vibration, in particular. The rail is modelled as an infinite Timoshenko beam resting on semi-sleepers via three-directional rail pads and ballast. The time-domain analysis was performed applying Green's matrix of the track method. This method allows taking into account the nonlinearities of the wheel/rail contact and the Doppler effect. The numerical analysis is dedicated to the wheel/rail response due to two types of excitation: the steady-state interaction and rail irregularities. The study points out to certain aspects regarding the parametric resonance, the amplitude-modulated vibration due to corrugation and the Doppler effect.     

On the security of multivariate hash functions

Multivariate hash functions are a type of hash functions whose compression function is explicitly defined as a sequence of multivariate equations. Billet et al designed the hash function MQ-HASH and Ding et al proposed a similar construction. In this paper, we analyze the security of multivariate hash functions and conclude that low degree multivariate functions such as MQ-HASH are neither pseudo-random nor unpredictable. There may be trivial collisions and fixed point attacks if the parameters of the compression ftmction have been chosen. And they are also not computation-resistance, which makes MAC forgery easily.     

美国交通运输机构及职能简介

从4个层次分别介绍美国联邦政府运输机构、美国联邦独立运输管理机构、美国地方交通运输机构及美国道路交通管理机构的职能分工，侧重于其在道路交通管理方面的职能。     

英语比喻修辞方法的巧用初探

在英语语言中,英语比喻修辞方法应用范围极为广泛。我们在深入学习英美文学和西方文化时,应特别注意对此加以研究,以便提高对英语语言背景的理解能力,指导英美文学赏析。本文从妙用英语比喻修辞方法的语言技巧入手,结合实例,探讨比喻方法的多元功能。     

Design of robust-stable and quadratic finite-horizon optimal controllers with low trajectory sensitivity for uncertain active suspension systems

This paper presents a design method for designing the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of uncertain active suspension systems. The method integrates a robust stabilisability condition, the orthogonal functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA). Using the integrative computational method, a robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller with low-trajectory sensitivity can be obtained such that (i) the active suspension system with elemental parametric uncertainties is stabilised and (ii) a quadratic-finite-horizon-integral performance index including a quadratic trajectory sensitivity term for the nominal active suspension system is minimised. The robust stabilisability condition is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Based on the OFA, an algebraic algorithm only involving the algebraic computation is derived for solving the nominal active suspension feedback dynamic equations. By using the OFA and the LMI-based robust stabilisability condition, the dynamic optimisation problem for the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controller design of the linear uncertain active suspension system is transformed into a static-constrained-optimisation problem represented by the algebraic equations with constraint of LMI-based robust stabilisability condition; thus greatly simplifies the design problem. Then, for the static-constrained-optimisation problem, the HTGA is employed to find the robust-stable and quadratic-finite-horizon-optimal controllers of the linear uncertain active suspension systems. A design example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative computational approach.     

Economies of density and factor substitution in Dublin city bus services — a translog approach

The primary aim of the paper is to determine a short‐run cost function for Dublin City Bus Services (DCS), using a translog approach. The results show that there are significant economies of density in the transit operation. The results also indicate that the structure of DCS is characterised by a homothetic production function and that partial elasticities of substitution are non‐unitary.     

工业时窗小波降噪调制连续线性动力学系统参数直接辨识

在时窗内对噪声干扰的信号进行小波降噪,对降噪数据调制积分得等价的代数方程,利用最小二乘算法,进行线性动力学系统参数的直接估计．针对受噪声污染的系统参数估计的有偏性,借助时窗降噪调制方法构造辅助变量,提出了降噪调制辅助变量递推算法,进行了系统参数的无偏估计．仿真实验和应用实例表明,该方法具有有效性和实用性,可为工业在线辨识获得可信的系统参数提供参考．     

双甲基脲晶体的线性与二阶非线性光学性质研究

采用平面波赝势方法(PAW)和局域密度近似(LDA)的第一性原理方法计算了双甲基脲晶体的电子结构,采用密度矩阵理论计算了双甲基脲晶体的介电函数和倍频系数,并将二阶非线性光学系数谱的特征峰与介电函数光谱结合起来,按单、双光子共振项进行分析.与尿素晶体的光学性质比较分析表明:双甲基脲晶体的线性与非线性光学性质与尿素相似,并...     

Abatement cost functions for incentive-based policies in the automobile market

This paper compares the outcomes of policies that target vehicle holdings with those that target vehicle usage using data from the US Consumer Expenditure Survey. Results show that a higher price of gasoline shifts vehicle holdings towards more fuel efficient vehicles and reduces the annual demand for miles, whereas imposing a fee on vehicles or a feebate program only shifts vehicle holdings towards more fuel efficient vehicles and has little to no impact on the demand for miles. While it is relatively expensive to reduce CO₂ emission through incentive-based policies, achieving any abatement level is more expensive through imposing fees on vehicles than gasoline taxes. In addition, the maximum amount of abatement attainable by a feebate program is relatively small and the same amount could be achieved by imposing a $0.73 gasoline tax per gallon.     

道路路阻函数模型及适用性研究

交通诱导系统中两节点间最优路径的选择是目前的一个难点问题,其中路阻函数的确定是路径优化的核心内容.针对交通流由畅通状态到拥挤状态再到堵塞状态的过程,应用经典交通流理论和实际调查数据,构建交通流诱导系统分段路阻函数模型,以q=10veh/h为一个单位,对函数进行分段拟合,构建高速公路和城市快速路下的分段路阻函数,并对其适应性进行拟合分析.应用结果表明:在不同的流量范围内,高速公路和城市快速路分段路阻函数在自由流状态、高密度状态和低密度条件下适合不同的分段函数.