高速铁路桥梁声屏障插入损失五声源预测模式研究

研究一种高速铁路桥梁声屏障插入损失的五声源预测模式,可应用于时速300 km以上高速铁路声屏障声学设计。对高速铁路噪声源进行现场辨识测试,分析其声源特性,将高速铁路噪声源简化为轮轨区、车体下部、车体上部、集电系统、桥梁结构5个等效噪声源。根据单声源模式的声屏障插入损失预测公式,结合不同车速下声源等效频率和噪声贡献量,同时考虑桥梁翼板对声传播的影响,形成五声源模式的声屏障插入损失预测公式。采用该方法计算2.15 m声屏障插入损失并与现场测试数据对比,结果显示距离线路25~50 m处受声点插入损失预测结果与实测结果吻合度最高。     

梁滩河流域污染原因分析及改善措施探讨

在众多污染因素中,农业非点源污染比重最大,其次是工业点源污染,城镇化集中生活污水的影响相对较小。结合流域实际情况,提出畜禽代谢产物资源化利用、兴修污水处理厂、建造人工湿地和修筑稳定塘等改善措施,为改善梁滩河流域污染现状提供相应的参考。     

基于波束形成和双目视觉的行驶汽车噪声源识别

提出一种基于波束形成原理,声阵列与双目视觉相结合的行驶汽车噪声源识别方法。通过对两台摄像机所拍摄图像的分析,计算出车辆的实时位置;将运动过程划分为若干时段进行声场重建,得出汽车行驶过程中的动态声场视频。试验结果表明,应用该方法能够准确识别运动中汽车的主要噪声源,且可更加直观地看到汽车噪声的动态变化。     

Recent sedimentary study of the shelf of the Basque country

The Northern Iberian margin of the Spanish Basque country (provinces of Gipuzkoa and Viscaia) is characterized by a narrow continental platform, which receives inputs of riverine particulate matter from the numerous riverine systems located within the Basque country. This particulate matter is subsequently deposited within the Bay of Biscay, and Gouf de Capbreton [Frouin, R., Fiuza, A.F.G., Ambar, I., Boyd, T.J., 1990. Observations of a poleward surface current off the coasts of Portugal and Spain during winter. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 (C1), 679–691]. The main goal of this study is to establish a map of the surface sediment distribution of the Basque continental shelf and more specifically to map the muddy patch located at the eastern side of that continental shelf.Three oceanographic cruises were conducted in 2003 and 2004. From these campaigns 340 surface samples, 12 short cores and 3 gravity cores have been collected over the mid and outer shelf from depths ranging between 50 m and 150 m deep. 3 seismic profiles were obtained across the shelf mud patch using a Sparker device.Sediment grain-size analyses were performed by the classical physical method of sieving and use of settling columns. The POC (Particular Organic Carbon) amounts in sediment and water samples were determined using the Strickland and Parsons' method [Strickland, J.D.H., Parsons, T.R., 1972. Determination of particulate carbon. In : A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Fisheries ResearchBoard of Canada, Ottawa, pp. 207−211] as adapted by Etcheber [Etcheber, H., 1981. Comparaison des diverses méthodes d'évaluation des teneurs en matières en suspension et en carbone organique particulaire des eaux marines du plateau continental aquitain. Journal de Recherche Océanographique VI (2), 37−42]. Radioisotopic measurements (²¹⁰Pb_exc) were made using a semi-planar germanium detector coupled to a multichannel analyser. Radiographical analysis was performed with an X-ray equipment (SCOPIX®) coupled with a radioscopy instrumentation and processing unit.Firstly, a detailed sedimentological map of this shelf has been produced and secondly, geophysical surveys have precisely mapped the geometry of the main mud patch on the continental shelf. In the mud patch itself the rates of sedimentation are between 0.13 and 0.50 cm yr^− 1. The maximum rate of sedimentation is located in the central mud patch, whereas the minimum rate of deposition occurs close to the rocky outcrops. These results seem to be in agreement with the estimation of the total thickness of the mud patch revealed by seismic profiles. The central part corresponds to the maximum thickness of 7 m.Interpretations of the associated oceanic current forcing factors (current direction, wave fetch and wind directional modes) relating to the identified sediment depositional zones are also undertaken.     

Temporal and spatial variation in allocating annual traffic activity across an urban region and implications for air quality assessments

Patterns of traffic activity, including changes in the volume and speed of vehicles, vary over time and across urban areas and can substantially affect vehicle emissions of air pollutants. Time-resolved activity at the street scale typically is derived using temporal allocation factors (TAFs) that allow the development of emissions inventories needed to predict concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. This study examines the spatial and temporal variation of TAFs, and characterizes prediction errors resulting from their use. Methods are presented to estimate TAFs and their spatial and temporal variability and used to analyze total, commercial and non-commercial traffic in the Detroit, Michigan, U.S. metropolitan area. The variability of total volume estimates, quantified by the coefficient of variation (COV) representing the percentage departure from expected hourly volume, was 21%, 33%, 24% and 33% for weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, respectively. Prediction errors mostly resulted from hour-to-hour variability on weekdays and Saturdays, and from day-to-day variability on Sundays and holidays. Spatial variability was limited across the study roads, most of which were large freeways. Commercial traffic had different temporal patterns and greater variability than non-commercial vehicle traffic, e.g., the weekday variability of hourly commercial volume was 28%. The results indicate that TAFs for a metropolitan region can provide reasonably accurate estimates of hourly vehicle volume on major roads. While vehicle volume is only one of many factors that govern on-road emission rates, air quality analyses would be strengthened by incorporating information regarding the uncertainty and variability of traffic activity.     

高速公路建设中对饮用水水源保护的思考

结合山西省高速公路环境影响评价案例,探讨了高速公路建设对饮用水水源的影响及保护措施,结果表明:高速公路建设中应根据饮用水水源的类型采取相应的保护措施,其中在勘察设计阶段应详细调查公路沿线饮用水水源保护区及分散式取水点的分布,选择合理的路线方案;在施工过程中应切实有效地加强饮用水水源环境保护;同时在公路投入营运后应加强环境风险防范,并对沿线饮用水水源地进行监控。     

梁滩河流域污染原因分析及改善措施探讨

在众多污染因素中,农业非点源污染比重最大,其次是工业点源污染,城镇化集中生活污水的影响相对较小.结合流域实际情况,提出畜禽代谢产物资源化利用、兴修污水处理厂、建造人工湿地和修筑稳定塘等改善措施,为改善梁滩河流域污染现状提供相应的参考.     

采用全程动稳定度评价沥青混合料高温稳定性

在现有车辙试验的基础上研究新的方法对沥青混合料的高温稳定性进行准确评价,对现行高温稳定性评价方法的缺陷进行分析,确定采用动稳定度DS进行判定的误差来源.提出采用全程动稳定度DSWP进行沥青混合料高温稳定性的判定,对AC-13、AC-20、SMA-13、SMA-20、ATB-25等5种级配在不同成型荷载(500,700,...     

高校精准资助育人体系构建中的难点探析

贫困生的隐私保护是高校精准资助育人体系中不容忽视的部分,也是高校资助工作的难点之一。在实践过程中,由于各种原因,高校资助工作中出现了贫困生隐私保护不到位的问题,学生的个人权益受到侵害。为更好地保护学生隐私,提升精准资助育人成效,提出以下建议:规范高效资助制度,优化工作细节;重视隐私保护,营造情境友好的校园氛围;加强扶志教育,提升高校贫困生的法律素养。     

上海城市综合交通信息中心建设方案研究

面对上海市城市的新一轮发展目标,交通信息技术的应用也面临着从独立建设和实验性应用阶段到系统集成和大规模推广应用阶段的转变。上海市综合交通信息中心运用城市交通信息化战略导向下的系统分析方法,在整体设计上以信息资源规划为基础,在组织架构上以组织协同思想作为指导,在技术构成上以标准化、可靠性、先进性、开放性为原则,通过对交通信息化功能领域和应用划分、信息资源共享需求分析、组织体系结构分析和技术体系结构分析等核心技术环节的研究,提出了网络化中心和层次化支持平台构成的组织体系框架和以共用信息平台为核心的技术体系框架。并从领导机制、建设运营模式、数据标准和核心技术等几方面就其建设策略提供了有益建议,提出了分阶段实现模式。