城市道路人均行驶速度的概率分布规律

为了寻求合适的概率分布模型,准确描述间断流环境下路段人均行驶速度的变化规律,提出基于多源检测数据的人均行驶速度估算方法.选取正态分布及对数正态分布为基本形式,构建4种双峰概率分布函数.郑州市实际数据的拟合及检验结果表明,人均行驶速度的概率分布多接近N_N双峰分布及N_LogN双峰分布.考虑公交及社会车辆混行状态,通过模型对样本数据的适应性对比分析,结果表明,人均行驶速度概率分布规律在有公交专用道路段适合N_N双峰分布,在无公交专用道路段适合N_logN双峰分布.     

The costs and benefits of reducing SO2 emissions from ships in the US West Coastal waters

Potential costs and benefits of policy options for reducing offshore ship pollution are examined using a meta-analysis of studies synthesized regionally for the US West Coast. Net benefits of reducing SO₂ emissions from cargo ships in the US West Coast waters are found to range between $98 million and $284 million, annually; the benefit–cost ratio varies between 1.8 and 3.36, depending on the size of the control area and the sulfur content limit. The results show that about 21,000 tons of on-land equivalent SO₂ emissions or about 33% of SO₂ emissions from all mobile sources in California in 2005 can be reduced annually if the US West Coast exclusive economic zone is designated as an International Maritime Organization-compliant SO_x emission control area (SECA) with fuel-sulfur content not exceeding 1.5%. The analysis demonstrates that designating this area reduces more emissions than establishing a smaller zone at a lower but favorable benefit-cost ratio. Control measures that require 0.5% low-sulfur fuels reduce more SO₂ emissions, and also may have higher net benefits. Technological alternatives may achieve benefits of emissions reductions on the US West Coast across higher ranges of potential fuel prices. Combinations of fuel switching and control technology strategies provide the most cost-effective benefits from SECAs on the US West Coast and other world regions.     

灰色最小二乘马尔可夫链预测算法

科学的预测对于经济现象的研究和经济决策的制定都具有十分重要的意义,因此,关于经济预测理论和方法的研究一直是一个热点。将灰色模型预测方法GM（1,1）、最小二乘法与马尔可夫链预测相结合,提出灰色最小二乘马尔可夫链改进预测方法,并且针对我国能源消费总量的发展趋势进行了预测,得出比灰色预测更加准确的结论。从而证明,灰色最小二乘马尔可夫链改进方法是个好算法,更有利于决策者的经济决策行为。     

桥梁高墩施工安全重大危险源管理探索

文章以拉会高架大桥三大主墩工程为例,分析了高墩施工中重大危险源的辨识方法与内容,提出了强化高墩施工安全重大危险源管理的技术措施和组织保障措施。     

造船企业压缩空气管网水力计算分析

对某大型造船公司的压缩空气管网进行合理简化,得出可以用于管网水力计算的拓扑图,在此基础上建立各管段的压降方程、节点流量方程和环路能量方程等基本数学方程,最后选择几种基本的调度方案进行模拟计算,并分析和提出降低电能消耗可以采取的措施。     

燃料电池轿车主要噪声源识别的试验研究

燃料电池轿车是零排放的新型环保车辆。其总布置和噪声源有别于传统汽车,为了提高乘坐舒适性,很有必要研究其振动噪声特性。文中通过试验方法,研究某型燃料电池轿车怠速工况车内噪声特性,识别出主要噪声源为燃料电池辅助系统,确定了顶棚和后围板为辐射噪声主要板件,最后提出减振降噪措施并改进。     

Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in the portuguese electrical grid

Powertrain electrification is currently the best alternative to ensure sustainable energy efficient personal mobility, increasing the integration of intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (RES), improving air quality in urban centres, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector and their dependence on fossil energy sources. With the increasing number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) available from automotive manufacturers, one key question that arises is the capability of the electrical grid to feed the increasing energy demand of the EV fleet without major investments. This paper shows that a progressive penetration of EVs, even at a rapid rate, is perfectly possible for vehicles that offer autonomy, energy consumption and charging characteristics that are currently available in the market. This analysis is based on data acquired during a year, using a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PEV) as the only vehicle for a typical, Southern European Portuguese family. The energy consumption of a gasoline and electric vehicle is presented, as well as its impact on the household load pattern. An analysis of the impact on the grid is also presented, considering several penetration rates (100 thousand, 500 thousand and 1 million vehicles). As well as the avoided use of fossil fuel per vehicle and consequent reduction in overall emissions when compared with a conventional vehicle.     

Clean energy and transport pathways for islands: A stakeholder analysis using Q method

Introducing sustainable ways to use energy and transport resources is of paramount importance for creating pathways to more liveable futures. Islands not interconnected to the main grid offer, because of their typically small size, short point-to-point travel distances that suit better than most landscapes the range limitations of today’s electromobile eco-systems. This makes them a unique test-bed that may assist researchers, businesses and policy-makers in developing a better understanding of the diverse opportunities and challenges that come with supporting electric-drive vehicle (EV) infrastructure investments that actively prioritise renewable energy sources (RES). This paper reports the findings of a Q method study that looks into the attitudes of 44 key stakeholders that have a thorough theoretical and empirical knowledge of the existing power and mobility portfolios in such islandic landscapes. Our analysis identifies and presents three distinct groups of stakeholders with different priorities and visions: the ‘Tech Enthusiasts’, the ‘Transform Transport First Supporters’ and the ‘Fiscal Focus Executives’. All our respondents agree on the need for radically transforming the current transport-energy nexus offering. They identify the importance of integrated and clean solutions and recognise that support of pilot applications is more critical than research and development (R&D). They also expect technological breakthroughs to increase market maturities and reduce renewable energy production costs and feel that end-users are still hesitant to buy EVs and need incentives to do so.     

论电影资源在英语教学中的有效利用与再开发

英语电影以融文本字幕,语音,图像等多种信息传播介质于一体的特性,越来越成为英语教学中非常重要的资源而被广泛应用于英语教学课堂内外。本文试图阐述英语电影作为教学资源的价值,缺陷,以及如何有效利用各种电影资源,如何在现有电影资源的基础上做进一步的开发。使我们教学中能够最大限度的开发利用好这种资源,为提高教学效率服务。     

基于二次特征函数高阶导数联合对角化的盲源分离算法

针对线性混叠信号，提出一种瞬时混叠盲源分离的批处理算法，利用观测信号的二次特征函数高阶导数联合对角化得到盲分离准则和实验公式，采用非正交对角化方法，不需要白化，实现盲源分离，仿真实验结果表明此算法不仅对非高斯信源具有良好的分离性能，而且对概率密度为非对称分布信源，具有很好的性能。