铁路工程项目如何有效开展经济活动分析

经济活动分析是指项目部通过及时采集在建工程各项经济数据,统计、核算、分析相关经济资料,运用各种经济指标,对一定时期工程的经济活动过程及其成果进行分析研究。有效的经济活动分析内容包括准确、及时、完整地记录和反映工程项目经济运行情况,围绕责任成本,分析管理过程,查找管理问题．制定整改措施,落实经济责任,以提高项目的综合效益,为工程经济管理工作提供详实的资料。有效开展经济活动分析是工程经济管理工作的重要环节,是促使项目建设单位改善经营管理,提高经济效益的一种有效途径。     

A numerical study on the installation configuration design of compliant vertical access riser (CVAR) in deepwater

In oil and gas transportation, the compliant vertical access riser (CVAR) system conducts economic and operational advantages due to its special configuration. In this paper, the static performance of the CVAR is studied by an efficient numerical method. According to the unique configuration of the CVAR, the mathematical model is established based on minimum total potential energy principle. The equilibrium equations are discretized by finite difference method and then solved by Newton-Raphson technique. The accuracy of the numerical method is verified by OrcaFlex software. Detailed parametric analysis is carried out based on practical engineering requirements. The effects of buoyancy section's configuration including buoyancy factor, buoyancy section's length and buoyancy section's location, and external environmental factors including wellhead offset distance, water depth and current velocity on installation shape and mechanical properties of the CVAR are analyzed. The research shows that the presented numerical method has good applicability and flexibility for the early installation configuration design of marine risers which have no touchdown section but only one touchdown point and are equipped with multiple buoyancy blocks subjected to forces of different directions and magnitudes, such as CVARs.     

Influence of the design constraints on the thickness optimization of glass panes to achieve lightweight insulating glass units in cruise ships

The increasing complexity and size in cruise ships demands for lightweight structures and practical but accurate design methods. Conventionally, the focus has been on the steel parts of the ship, as they make most of its weight. However, the proportions of other materials are increasing. Therefore, this study attempts to provide better understanding how one could reach the lightweight designs of insulating glass units (IGUs) in ships. These are windows where at least two glass panes are separated by a hermetically sealed cavity. They are thin-walled structures that benefit not only from the geometrically nonlinear behavior, but also from the load sharing. Considering these effects, their behavior is studied using the nonlinear Finite Element Method and Particle Swarm Optimization. Different design criteria are imposed on the thickness determination of the glass panes with different shapes. Rectangular, triangular, and circular shapes are considered. The results show that the triangular shapes have the least weight for a given area when the deflection criterion is the dominating one. When maximum principal stress is the thickness defining criterion, the shapes perform almost equally well. The ratio between the pane thicknesses had the most influence on the behavior of the IGU. As it increases, i.e., one pane is significantly thicker than the other, the load sharing percentage drops, but it provides the most lightweight solution. Closer it is to 1, more equally the structural stresses are divided between the panes, i.e., redundancy is achieved. Finally, it is possible to establish a simple but effective method for the thickness determination of these IGUs using the results of this study. However, more work is required, including numerical analysis and experimental testing.     

塑性混凝土防渗体系在高水头差船闸施工围堰中的应用

为研究塑性混凝土防渗体系在高水头差船闸施工土石围堰中应用时,其渗透坡降、应力应变及围堰填筑材料、所处地层渗透系数对防渗墙渗透坡降的影响机理,结合万安二线船闸工程中应用的土石围堰监测结果,对塑性混凝土防渗墙的应力、应变进行有限元计算分析。采用不同的本构模型对土石围堰不同填筑区的填筑料进行模拟,结果表明：塑性防渗墙具有良好地防渗降压作用,所起作用的大小与围堰填筑材料及地层的渗透系数有关。应变监测结果表明,防渗墙在工作阶段主要受压应力作用,压应变值为-247.8×10^-6～0,处于-750×10^-6～100×10^-6允许应变范围,确保了防渗墙在工作阶段的安全可靠。     

船体薄壁梁的二次剪流和二次扭矩

将船体作为阶梯薄壁梁,用薄壁梁的约束扭转理论进行扭转强度分析的方法,是目前国内外造船界普遍使用的方法。 本文讨论了翘曲约束引起的二次剪流的计算问题,提出了一个适于用电子计算机计算的规格化的方法,并简单介绍了依据此方法编制的计算程序。 本文还通过对二次剪流直接积分,证明了二次扭矩和双力矩之间的微分关系式在具有闭室的薄壁梁的情形下同样成立。     

竖轴推进器两种控制机构叶片角的探讨

本文研究了用于竖轴推进器控制叶片自转的正统机构和VSP机构的叶片角特性。VSP机构是机架长度可调的双曲柄六杆机构。本文首先指明了它的独立几何参数,并提出一套求解其叶片角的简化公式。力了与正统机构比较,引出了伪偏心率、瞬时偏心率、平均偏心率和放大系数的概念。最后通过实例计算,比较了VSP机构和正统机构的叶片角特性。     

关于电能计量装置的研究

DSP技术的迅速发展,为研制精确的电能计量装置提供了有力的技术支持。本装置就是通过采样电路采集到电网的电压和电流等数据,利用DSP快速处理数据的能力,对电压和电流采样数据进行FFT变换,得到各次谐波电压和电流的值,再根据谐波功率和电能计算方法,计算出电能值。     

高速排水型双体船阻力估算的一种方法

针对片体为圆舭型的高速排水型双体船,分析了主要船型参数对阻力的影响,通过回归分析建立了剩余阻力系数和湿面积的估算公式,可用于初步设计阶段估算这种船型的阻力.     

基于数值模拟的钛合金锯齿状切屑研究

切削加工中切屑成形是一种典型的大变形问题,它涉及到材料非线性、几何非线性以及边界非线性等问题。本文利用DEFORM-2D对钛合金(Ti6Al4V)进行了锯齿状切屑形成过程的有限元模拟,分析了切削过程中的应力场、应变场及温度场,探讨了锯齿状切屑的形成机理,获得了切削参数对锯齿状切屑形态的影响规律,为优化切削参数、提高刀具寿命提供了参考。     

通过主成分分析研究比较港口物流发展趋势——以广州港为例

通过主成分分析法可以评价一个港口的综合物流发展水平和潜力。以广州港为例,建立了展示其综合发展的数学模型,同时选择邻近的深圳港进行对比分析。结果表明广州港的货物吞吐量短期内难以与深圳港匹敌,但其广阔的腹地物流支持和经济发展潜力使其整体竞争力快速上升。对广州港集装箱以及运输系统的直接货源腹地--珠江三角洲地区也作了详细分析,并且用最新的竞争情报分析阐述了其在发展过程中所遇到的问题和挑战。最后探讨了通过加强广州港集装箱运输系统的建设,配合公路、铁路以及内陆水系的配套设施以发展整体的第3方港口物流,从港口物流规划的高度综合展望了广州港未来的发展策略。