A conceptual and methdological framework for the generation of activity-travel patterns

This paper develops a conceptual framework for the generation of activity and travel patterns in the context of more general structures and presents an integrated model system as a step toward development of an improved travel demand forecasting model system. We propose a two-stage structure to model activity and travel behavior. The first stage, the stop generation and stop/auto allocation models, consists of the choices for the number of household maintenance stops and the allocation of stops and autos to household members. The second stage, the tour formation model, includes the choices for the number of tours and the assignment of stops to tours for each individual, conditional on the choices in the first stage. Empirical results demonstrate that individual and household socio-demographics are important factors affecting the first stage choices, the generation of maintenance stops and the allocation of stops and autos among household members, and the second stage choices, the number of tours and the assignment of stops to tours. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optimum design of tilting bogie frame in consideration of fatigue strength and weight

This paper addresses the use of finite-element (FE) analysis to calculate the fatigue strength of a bogie frame, for the development of tilting trains in Korea. A multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to extract the load condition by tilting on curves. Using the results of the multi-body dynamic analysis and the load scenario setout in the UIC standard, FE analysis was performed to obtain the stress distribution and to calculate the fatigue strength. An attempt was made to minimize the weight of the bogie frame using a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN). The results of this study reveal that the stresses at some nodes are near the fatigue limit in the Goodman diagram and by using back-propagation ANN, the weight of the bogie frame could be reduced by 4.7%.     

形成零件组和建立成组生产单元的“生产流程—分类编码”聚类分析法

本文提出了一种利用模糊聚类分析法形成零件组和建立机床组的新方法,实现了生产流程分析法与编码分类法的综合.对于成组加工单元,本文把设备负荷与零件相似系数一起作为形成成组加工单元的主要因素,获得了合理的零件组和机床组,并具有良好的柔性和计算性.     

Stress intensity factor measurement of cracks using piezoelectric element

A stress intensity factor (SIF) measurement method for cracks using a piezoelectric element and an electrostatic voltmeter is presented. In this method, an isotropic piezoelectric element is first attached near the tip of the crack. Then surface electrodes are attached to three different positions on the piezoelectric element. The electric potentials of the surface electrodes, which are proportional to the sum of the stress ( _x + _y ) on the structural member, are measured by an electrostatic voltmeter during load cycling. The mode I and mode II SIFs of the crack are estimated using the relationship between the SIF and ( _x + _y ). The applicability of the proposed method is examined through experiments and numerical analysis.     

软弱地基桥台台背填筑EPS的结构分析

对利用EPS填筑软基上桥台台背的结构进行分析,探求解决软土地基上桥台台背填筑的技术问题。首先,对EPS块体以及混凝土和EPS结合体进行应力与应变分析,从理论上说明实现减少路面沉降的可行性;然后,进行软基上桥台台背填筑EPS的结构分析,说明采用EPS填筑路基可以从根本上解决桥路的差异沉降与路堤的残余沉降,达到防止桥头跳车以及台后填土与地基住移时桥台的侧向作用的目的。     

绿化修剪车避障工作装置运动学分析

以绿化修剪车的工作装置为研究对象,通过矩阵分析法建立了工作臂矢量运动方程,完成了机械臂的运动学分析。同时,运用ADAMS对绿化修剪车的工作装置进行了运动学仿真,得到了绿化修剪车触杆的运动包络图和割草机触杆末端的位移、速度及加速度,验证了机械臂数学模型的正确性。最后,根据绿化修剪车工作装置的实际运动情况和仿真结果,推算出绿化修剪车的最大作业速度和避障时间,为后续液压系统设计和工作臂的控制设计提供了理论依据。     

湿式离合器出油口甩出油温度预测方法

为了实现对湿式离合器出油口甩出油温度传感器的冗余校验和自我诊断，提出了一种基于粒计算约简的离合器出油口甩出油温度的模糊预测方法。首先分析出油口甩出油温度的影响因素，将主要影响因素作为预测输入量，并采用模糊推理理论预测当前离合器出油口甩出油温度。在设计模糊预测方法的过程中，通过分析实车数据得到车辆行驶时离合器处于高滑摩功率过程和低滑摩功率过程的不同特性，分别确定相对应的隶属度函数和模糊预测规则，从而进一步提高出油口甩出油温的预测精度。为了提高模糊预测算法的实时性，基于模糊预测规则创建模糊决策表，模糊输入量和模糊输出量分别作为决策表的条件属性集与决策属性集。利用粒计算理论对模糊决策表的条件属性集进行属性约简，通过削减冗余信息有效降低模糊输入量和模糊预测规则的个数。最后利用实车采集的数据对比分析约简前后模糊预测算法的单步运行时间和预测误差等性能指标。试验结果表明：基于粒计算约简的模糊预测算法能够有效保障预测精度，同时拥有更少的模糊预测规则数和模糊输入量，有效解决了模糊预测算法占用资源较多以及实用性较差的问题。     

一种水下目标识别方法──基于模糊理论的多种神经网络融合分类

在应用多种方法提取目标噪声中分类特征的研究基础上,本文设计出基于模糊理论的多神经网络融合分类器,其研究重点主要包括有监督分类的模糊聚类神经网络分类、多神经网络与模糊综合分析相结合的融合分类。基于大量海试实测信号样本的多组实验表明,该分类方法具有良好的工程应用前景。     

马来西亚达道河口潮汐分析

根据实例潮位资料,对达道河口潮位进行潮汐调和计算分析和理论最低潮位计算,得出该河口地区潮汐特征.     

An integrated assessment of alternative land-based passenger transport policies: A case study in Tenerife

Over recent decades, there have been numerous cases of land-based transport policies that have lacked clear and coherent strategies. This has not only hampered the resolution of issues like road congestion, but has also created new ones (e.g. strong social opposition to new train infrastructures). The absence of such strategies highlights the need for long-term transport policies with a wider vision of the issues, since land-based transport cannot be considered from just a technical perspective.The main objective of this article is to implement a participatory integrated approach to facilitate the understanding of land-based passenger transport governance issues on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. Relevant policy issues and alternatives are identified by the stakeholders involved. The inclusion of stakeholders in the assessment process is crucial to frame transport governance issues appropriately and to define and assess plausible policy alternatives. This assessment process even included a final step of validation of the results by stakeholders to foster discussion among them about transport issues and policy alternatives.Finally, due to the obstructive role played by some stakeholders in influencing past transport policies, an analysis of possible coalitions among stakeholders is also discussed.