Evaluation of CO2 emissions from railway resurfacing maintenance activities

This paper is the world first to investigate the CO₂ impact of railway resurfacing in ballasted track bed maintenance. Railway resurfacing is an important routine maintenance activity that restores track geometry to ensure safety, reliability and utility of the asset. This study consisted of an extensive field data collection from resurfacing machineries (diesel-engine tamping machines, ballast regulators and ballast stabilisers) including travel distances, working distances, fuel consumption and construction methodologies. Fuel consumption was converted to a kg CO₂/m using the embodied energies of diesel. Analyses showed that tamping machines emitted the highest CO₂ emissions of the resurfacing machineries, followed by ballast regulators and ballast stabilisers respectively. Tamping machines processed 4.25 m of track per litre of diesel, ballast regulators processed 6.51 m of track per litre of diesel and ballast stabilisers processed 10.61 m of track per litre of diesel. The results were then compared to previous studies and a rigorous parametric study was carried out to consider long-term resurfacing CO₂ emissions on Australian railway track. The outcome of this study is unprecedented and it enables track engineers and construction managers to critically plan strategic rail maintenance and to develop environmental-friendly policies for track geometry and alignment restoration.     

Greenhouse gas emissions associated with electric vehicle charging: The impact of electricity generation mix in a developing country

Since 2012, the government has been promoting the electric vehicles and the development of related infrastructure to encourage local automakers to explore into the alternatively powered vehicles. However, the benefits of grid-dependent EVs can only be harvested under the condition that their use is coupled with a low carbon electricity grid. Thus, it is an additional challenge for Malaysia's that are largely dependent on fossil fuels for electricity generation. The object of this paper is to perform a well-to-wheel life cycle assessment for calculating the greenhouse gas emissions attributable to the usage of ICEVs, HEVs and EVs in Malaysian scenario. These emission calculations will provide the best information for policymakers, researchers, and investors to make appropriate and effective decisions on policies, research and investments in future transport energy. The results show that running EVs with national grid will produce an average of 7% more GHG emissions than HEVs at the same distance. However, they will produce an average of 19% less GHG emissions than the ICEVs. Overall the GHG emissions produced through the usage of EVs are substantial based on the well-to-wheel analysis, as the environmental profile of EVs is linked with the national grid. Therefore, in order to harvest the benefit of EVs towards climate change and global warming mitigation, massive modernization and transformation should be taken for the development of the national grid towards greener sources.     

固体氧化物燃料电池与微型燃气轮机联合发电建模仿真研究

设计一种固体氧化物燃料电池与微型燃气轮机的联合发电系统,并对其进行建模仿真及性能研究.基于Matlab/Simulink仿真软件,采用模块化建模方法,再以拓扑结构连接各个子系统模型,搭建SOFC-MGT联合发电系统模型.仿真结果表明:模型满足仿真要求,系统具有较高的发电效率.在变工况,尤其是高背压条件下,该系统不能稳定工作,必须附加水处理系统才能保证该系统良好运行.     

砂土中静压桩贯入过程中的桩周应力分析

利用模型试验研究砂土中静压桩在贯入过程中的承载机理。分析模型桩贯入4种不同深度时的桩周应力变化规律,对桩顶轴力、桩顶位移、桩身环向应变和桩身纵向应变进行全程测量。利用一种半数值半解析的方法,通过测量模型桩壁的环向应变与径向应变,推导出桩周的围压和摩阻力。结果表明:在贯入初期,桩体上部会出现负摩阻,随着贯入深度的增加,上部负摩阻的范围和数值都在减小直至消失;在沉桩阻力中摩阻力所占比例较小,但其比例随着贯入深度的增加不断增大。整个贯入过程中桩周围压随贯入深度的增加在不断增大。在同一土体深度处的围压也随桩体贯入而增大。随贯入深度的增加,摩阻力和围压的变化趋势呈现了较好的一致性,摩阻力与围压的比值在0.41~0.53波动。     

离心式压缩机性能测试方法优化

为优化离心式压缩机性能测试方法,提出选择测试压气站下游管段建立背压和选择压缩机出口排气旁通阀建立背压两种方案。为得出最优方案,以某实际工程为例,采用SPS仿真模拟软件对压缩机性能测试过程中两种背压建立方式进行动态模拟。通过对模拟结果进行分析,对比出两种背压建立方式的优点和缺点,并提出改进方法。最后建议在新设计压气站流程中考虑设置压缩机进出口电动调节阀,以方便压缩机性能测试。     

气体燃烧装置（GCU）在LNG船上的应用

新一代LNG船采用双燃料发动机电力推进或带再液化装置的低速柴油机推进,当船舶进出港口机动航行或在锚地时,为了处理液货舱内过多的蒸发气,避免液货舱内压力升高,船上必须装有气体燃烧装置或再液化装置,本文详细介绍了这种气体燃烧装置的作用、布置、要求和结构.     

Wartsila船用低速柴油机废气排放控制技术应用分析

研究分析了wansila RTA／RT-flex船用低速柴油机,在控制、降低废气排放领域里应用的最新主要技术及其特点。     

水火弯板残余变形预报的数值和量纲分析(英文)

Line heating process is a very complex phenomenon as a variety of factors affects the amount of residual deformations. Numerical thermal and mechanical analysis of line heating for prediction of residual deformation is time consuming. In the present work dimensional analysis has been presented to obtain a new relationship between input parameters and resulting residual deformations during line heating process. The temperature distribution and residual deformations for 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm thick steel plates were numerically estimated and compared with experimental and published results. Extensive data generated through a validated FE model were used to find co-relationship between the input parameters and the resulting residual deformation by multiple regression analysis. The results obtained from the deformation equations developed in this work compared well with those of the FE analysis with a drop in the computation time in the order of 100 (computational time required for FE analysis is around 7 200 second to 9 000 seconds and where the time required for getting the residual deformation by developed equations is only 60 to 90 seconds).     

不同供油规律下的燃气轮机加速过程仿真

供油规律决定着燃气轮机的机动性,不同的供油规律对燃气轮机的性能有重大影响。为研究不同供油规律对燃气轮机加速过程的影响,本文首先采用面向对象的方法和非线性化建模方法建立了三轴燃气轮机的动态仿真模型,并通过稳态计算检验了模型的精确性;然后选取不同的供油规律,对燃气轮机的加速过程进行了仿真,得到了不同供油规律下转子转速的变化规律;最后对仿真结果进行了分析,比较了各种供油规律的优劣。     

用于氧烛的抑氯剂及氯气过滤材料

氧烛在放氧过程中,会产生一定量的氯气。应用在药块内部加抑氯剂和药块外添加氯气过滤材料的方法消除氧烛所放出的氧气中的氯气。到目前为止,对于以铁粉为燃料的氧烛,Li2O2是最佳的抑氯剂,负载LiOH的霍加拉特剂是效果最佳的氯气过滤材料。