船舶废气锅炉烧塌原因分析及预防措施

文章针对某轮船舶废气锅炉烧塌的现象,系统分析了废气锅炉烧塌的机理和原因,并根据该轮的实际情况提出了若干预防措施。     

A method to measure the eco-efficiency of diesel locomotive

Brazilian railroads transport over 490 million tons a year using diesel-electric locomotives. These locomotives emit several pollutants into the atmosphere and because of that, the railroads seek to reduce emissions and achieve global emission standards. Thus, it is important to analyze the environmental impact of the use of diesel and alternative fuels to reach environmental standards. This paper makes use of a method based upon the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) metrics to evaluate the locomotives’ eco-efficiency. The method was applied to Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas (EFVM). Different scenarios representing the exchange of fuel sources and technologies were developed, tested and analyzed. The impacts were evaluated by seven eco-efficiency performance indicators and compared with United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. The results offered cost savings and emissions reduction opportunities.     

A hybrid heuristic strategy for liquefied natural gas inventory routing

As liquefied natural gas (LNG) steadily grows to be a common mode for commercializing natural gas, LNG supply chain optimization is becoming a key technology for gas companies to maintain competitiveness. This paper develops methods for improving the solutions for a previously stated form of an LNG inventory routing problem (LNG-IRP). Motivated by the poor performance of a Dantzig-Wolfe-based decomposition approach for exact solutions, we develop a suite of advanced heuristic techniques and propose a hybrid heuristic strategy aiming to achieve improved solutions in shorter computational time. The heuristics include two phases: the advanced construction phase is based on a rolling time algorithm and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP); and the solution improvement phase is a series of novel MIP-based neighborhood search techniques. The proposed algorithms are evaluated based on a set of realistic large-scale instances seen in recent literature. Extensive computational results indicate that the hybrid heuristic strategy is able to obtain optimal or near optimal feasible solutions substantially faster than commercial optimization software and also the previously proposed heuristic methods.     

Air quality impacts of electric vehicle adoption in Texas

Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) may substantially reduce emissions of greenhouse gases while improving regional air quality and increasing energy security. However, outcomes depend heavily on the electricity generation process, power plant locations, and vehicle use decisions. This paper provides a clear methodology for predicting PEV emissions impacts by anticipating battery-charging decisions and power plant energy sources across Texas. Life-cycle impacts of vehicle production and use and Texans’ exposure to emissions are also computed and monetized. This study reveals to what extent PEVs are more environmentally friendly, for most pollutant species, than conventional passenger cars in Texas, after recognizing the emissions and energy impacts of battery provision and other manufacturing processes. Results indicate that PEVs on today’s grid can reduce GHGs, NO_x, PM₁₀, and CO in urban areas, but generate significantly higher emissions of SO₂ than existing light-duty vehicles. Use of coal for electricity production is a primary concern for PEV growth, but the energy security benefits of electrified vehicle-miles endure. As conventional vehicle emissions rates improve, it appears that power grids must follow suit (by improving emissions technologies and/or shifting toward cleaner generation sources) to compete on an emissions-monetized basis with conventional vehicles in many locations. Moreover, while PEV pollution impacts may shift to more remote (power plant) locations, dense urban populations remain most strongly affected by local power plant emissions in many Texas locations.     

Well-to-wheel assessment of natural gas vehicles and their fuel supply infrastructures – Perspectives on gas in transport in Denmark

In this paper, potential natural gas and renewable natural gas supply pathways and natural gas vehicles (NGVs) have been selected and evaluated with regards to well-to-wheel energy expended, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and regulated (air pollutant) emissions. The vehicles included in the evaluation are passenger cars, light-duty vehicles (LDVs), and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) for road-transport applications, and a short-range passenger vessel for maritime transport applications. The results show that, compared to conventional fuels, in both transport applications and for all vehicle classes, the use of compressed and liquefied natural gas has a 15–27% GHG emissions reduction effect per km travel. The effect becomes large, 81–211%, when compressed and liquefied renewable natural gas are used instead. The results are sensitive to the type and source of feedstock used, the type of vehicle engine, assumed methane leakage and methane slip, and the allocated energy and environmental digestate credits, in each pathway. In maritime applications, the use of liquefied natural gas and renewable natural gas instead of low sulfur marine fuels results in a 60–100% SOx and 90–96% PM emissions reduction. A 1% methane slip from a dedicated LNG passenger vessel results, on average, in 8.5% increase in net GHG emissions.     

基于Aspen Flare的LNG燃气供应系统安全阀释放管路背压计算

采用Aspen Flare软件对FGSS安全阀释放系统进行建模,以大型双燃料散货船FGSS安全阀释放系统为例,结合不同工况进行模拟计算,通过计算释放系统中各管段始末端的压力、温度、流速等参数,发现设计中的不合理管径并加以修改,经软件模拟修改后的管径在实际运行中可满足FGSS安全阀释放要求,可保证系统安全。     

用于液化气船液罐吊装的结构化吊码分析

优化设计液化气船液罐特有的止浮装置,形成结构化吊码。提出2种液罐吊装方案：采用结构化吊码吊装和采用传统吊码吊装。利用有限元分析软件,对比分析2种吊装方案的结构强度,总结采用结构化吊码吊装的优点及可行性,为后续液化气船的液罐吊装方案提供一种优选的吊码布置方式。     

天然气燃料动力机舱防爆区域划分及安全措施研究

由于天然气的高危易燃特点,对天然气燃料动力的新型船舶在防爆布置方面提出更为严格的要求,结合船级社规范,分别就本安型和ESD型两种双燃料机舱及主机结构特点,分析讨论了燃料供应系统在内的机舱及主机防爆安全级别和区域划分等问题,对双燃料机舱在电气设备选型设计和其他的防爆措施提出了建议,以实现天然气燃料机舱完整的防爆设计理念。     

FPSO火气与应急切断系统工艺研究

为有效提高FPSO的可靠性与安全性,针对火气与应急切断系统常规设计的不足,采用模块化的设计思路,结合区域火气切断需求,提出一种改进的火气探测与应急系统工艺方案,实现事故工况下应急系统切断以保护平台人员和工程设施的安全,将事故损失限制到最小。该方案以危险点源的位置重要性为依据,通过研究应急系统关停策略,优化不同等级关停开关的作用范围,在确保人员及平台安全的前提下,减少关停设备,提高平台产量,增强应急系统在处理突发事故时的有效性和成功率,实现降本增效。     

船用燃气轮机进气系统气动特性

  目的  研究风向变化对燃气轮机舷侧进气流场稳定性、均匀性、流动阻力损失的影响,通过仿真研究验证该形式是否满足燃气轮机的进气要求。  方法  采用CFX对燃气轮机进气流场进行数值模拟,通过设定不同的进气角度,对比不同进气状态下其对进气系统内流线分布、前进气百叶窗、侧进气百叶窗及进气系统出口的总压分布、前进气滤清器和侧进气滤清器截面的速度分布,研究不同进气方向下燃气轮机进气的均匀情况。  结果  仿真结果表明,进气角度的不同会导致前进气和侧进气的掺混剧烈程度不同,而在配置了该进气系统之后,前、侧进气角度不同引起的不均匀性在流经进气稳压室后会得到较大改善,从而使得下游流动更加均匀。  结论  研究结果对燃气轮机舷侧进气系统的设计具有一定的指导意义。