Study on the Organization Model of Wagon Flows in Railway Terminal

Railway terminal is an important part of railway network. Transport organization of railway terminal is the key of the railway transport organization. Moreover, the organization of transport work is based on the organization of wagon flows in the railway terminal. Because of the great amounts of equipment and a large number of train operations, the study on railway terminal transport organization is mostly focused on a marshalling station in railway terminal or a part of it. Systematic study taking railway terminal as a whole is very few. In this paper, the organization of wagon flows in a railway terminal is analyzed and a wagon flow model in a railway terminal is established. The main principles of organization of local trains are also presented.     

青岛市轨道交通一期工程功能定位及客流预测

城市轨道交通建设中,客流预测是先导。在分析青岛市轨道交通一期工程功能定位的基础上,结合轨道一期工程沿线土地利用现状和规划,以及常规公交布局,对轨道交通一期工程客流进行预测分析。提出一期工程客流总量规模、站点乘降量和换乘量等客流指标。     

枢纽小运转列车运行组织的网络流优化模型

在分析枢纽小运转列车运行组织的基础上,根据网络流模型的基本性质,提出了枢纽小运转列车运行组织网络流优化模型的构造方法,通过点变换、弧变换、点弧变换可将枢纽小运转列车运行组织问题归结为网络 优化问题,并给出了求解枢纽小运转列车运行组织网络模型的一般步骤,为解决枢纽小运转列车运行组织问题提供了一种方法。     

Mapping and evaluating the complexity of information flows in freight transport chains

ABSTRACT

The role of information in the efficient management of freight transport systems is well acknowledged. Administrative functions, such as negotiation or payments, involve intensive communication, while the production of the transport service relies heavily on the sharing of information (e.g. track and trace). Yet, specific literature on information flows is relatively scarce. This paper sets out to contribute to filling in this gap. Firstly, it elaborates a set of maps of the information flows for four conceptualisations – direct link, corridor, hub and spoke, and connected hubs – of maritime freight transport, initially proposed by Woxenius (2007, “Generic Framework for Transport Network Designs: Applications and Treatment in Intermodal Freight Transport Literature.” Transport Reviews 27 (6): 733–749. doi:10.1080/01441640701358796). The results reveal a high degree of similarity between import and export services. Secondly, it assesses the complexity of each conceptualisation’s flow network using the concept of entropy. Flows are characterised along four variables: involved agents, timing, and contents and message type. Additionally, a new taxonomy is proposed to categorise the messages. The results evidence the heterogeneous contributions of each category to the complexity of the flows. Finally, the results also reveal that the information flows for the tasks in the pre-transport stage are not specific to the conceptualisation in question and are of comparable complexity to the flows occurring during the transport stage.     

基于一维盐度模型的珠江河网咸潮上溯距离分析

建立珠江三角洲河网整体一维水动力、盐度数值计算模型,此模型涵盖了整个珠江三角洲河网区,验证结果良好。在此模型基础上,对2001年枯季和2005年枯季珠江三角洲咸潮上溯情况进行模拟计算,模拟结果表明,0.5‰盐度线在整个河网区域呈现出向右倾斜的“S”形,2005年枯季咸潮平均上溯距离达到了32.4 km,这几乎是2001年枯季的2倍。进一步利用模型模拟4种不同来水情况下的咸潮上溯距离的变化情况,对4种来水流量下的咸潮上溯距离进行分析,发现当上游来水平均流量减少将近0.5倍时,下游8大口门处咸潮上溯平均距离将增加1倍左右。     

Numerical solutions for a two-dimensional airfoil undergoing unsteady motion

Continuous vorticity panels are used to model general unsteady inviscid, incompressible, and two-dimensional flows. The geometry of the airfoil is approximated by series of short straight segments having endpoints that lie on the actual surface. A piecewise linear, continuous distribution of vorticity over the airfoil surface is used to generate disturbance flow. The no-penetration condition is imposed at the midpoint of each segment and at discrete times. The wake is simulated by a system of point vortices, which move at local fluid velocity. At each time step, a new wake panel with uniform vorticity distribution is attached to the trailing edge, and the condition of constant circulation around the airfoil and wake is imposed. A new expression for Kutta condition is developed to study (i) the effect of thickness on the lift build-up of an impulsively started airfoil, (ii) the effects of reduced frequency and heave amplitude on the thrust production of flapping airfoils, and (iii) the vortex-airfoil interaction. This work presents some hydrodynamic results for tidalstream turbine.     

Real-time network-wide traffic signal optimization considering long-term green ratios based on expected route flows

We propose a novel real-time network-wide traffic signal control scheme which is (1) applicable under modern data technologies, (2) flexible in response to variations of traffic flows due to its non-cyclic feature, (3) operable on a network-wide and real-time basis, and (4) capable of considering expected route flows in the form of long-term green time ratios for intersection movement. The proposed system has a two-level hierarchical architecture: (1) strategy level and (2) control level. Considering the optimal states for a long-term period found in the strategy level, the optimal signal timings for a short-term period are calculated in the control level which consists of two steps: (1) queue weight update and (2) signal optimization. Based on the ratio of the cumulative green time to the desired green time is the first step to update the queue weights, which are then used in the optimization to find signal timings for minimum total delay. A parametric queue weight function is developed, discussed and evaluated. Two numerical experiments were given. The first demonstrated that the proposed system performs effectively, and the second shows its capability in a real-world network.     

Evacuation traffic dynamics

Historically, evacuation models have relied on values of road capacity that are estimated based on Highway Capacity Manual methods or those observed during routine non-emergency conditions. The critical assumption in these models is that capacity values and traffic dynamics do not differ between emergency and non-emergency conditions. This study utilized data collected during Hurricanes Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005) and Gustav (2008) to compare traffic characteristics during mass evacuations with those observed during routine non-emergency operations. From these comparisons it was found that there exists a consistent and fundamental difference between traffic dynamics under evacuation conditions and those under routine non-emergency periods. Based on the analysis, two quantities are introduced: “maximum evacuation flow rates” (MEFR) and “maximum sustainable evacuation flow rates” (MSEFR). Based on observation, the flow rates during evacuations were found to reach a maximum value of MEFR followed by a drop in flow rate to a MSEFR that was able to be sustained over several hours, or until demand dropped below that necessary to completely saturate the section. It is suggested that MEFR represents the true measure of the “capacity”. These findings are important to a number of key policy-shaping factors that are critical to evacuation planning. Most important among these is the strong suggestion of policy changes that would shift away from the use of traditional capacity estimation techniques and toward values based on direct observation of traffic under evacuation conditions.     

四姑娘山景区群发性泥石流危险性评价

为防治四姑娘山景区泥石流危害,在深入调查的基础上,对景区群发性泥石流的危险性进行了综合分析与评价。研究结果表明:景区泥石流具有典型的群发性特征,活动性强,危险性大,成灾可能性大,应及时进行综合防治。